Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

bma1901 > module 2 > Flashcards

module 2 Flashcards

1
Q

cytoplasm

A

watery space between the plasma membrane and the nucleus, composed of cytosol or ICF, contains the cellular organelles, contains dissolved proteins and nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

nucleus

A

largest organelle, houses DNA, DNA contains instructions for the cell in particular protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ribosomes

A

site of protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

free ribosomes

A

floating in cytosol, produce proteins for use inside cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

free ribosomes

A

floating in cytosol, produce proteins for use inside cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

membrane bound ribosomes

A

attached to endoplasmic reticulum, produce proteins for export

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

endoplasmic reticulum functions

A

synthesis, storage, transport, detoxification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

studded with ribosomes, proteins produced by ribosomes on RER are packaged and exported out of cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

no ribosomes attached, synthesis of lipids, cholesterol and steroid based hormones, involved in detoxification, storage of calcium ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

mitochondria

A

cellular respiration - releases energy in the form of ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

golgi apparatus

A

traffic director, modify, concentrate and package proteins and lipids, form vesicles and distributes them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

lysosomes

A

demolition crew, digest biological material, dispose bacteria, viruses and toxins, recycle molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

selectively permeable

A

membrane that allows certain substances to pass while restricting the movement of others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

phospholipid molecule

A

head - hydrophilic, tail - hydrophobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

plasma membrane consists of

A

phospholipids, proteins, cholesterol, carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

two plasma membrane proteins

A

peripheral proteins, integral proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

peripheral proteins

A

attach loosely to integral proteins or float free

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

peripheral protein function

A

plasma membrane support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

integral proteins

A

classified as channels or carriers for transport or substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

intergral proteins function

A

transport substances that need to pass through the plasma membrane but cannot pass through directly because they are water soluble or too large

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

two integral proteins it includes

A

carrier, channel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

two channel proteins

A

leakage channels, gated channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

leakage channels

A

always open at both ends, Na and K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

gated channels

A

open at one end and can open and close at the other end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

3 types of gated channels

A

voltage gated, mechanically gated, chemically gated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

concentration

A

measure of the amount of a substance in an area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

high concentration

A

means there are higher numbers of the substance compared to another area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

concentration gradient

A

difference in concentration of a particular substance between 2 different areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

equilibrium

A

equal space between substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

diffusion

A

movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

factors that affect rate of movement

A

concentration gradient, size of substance, temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

concentration gradient impact on rate of movement

A

the larger the concentration gradient the faster the substance will move

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

size of the substance

A

smaller substances move faster than larger substances

34
Q

temperature impact on rate of movement

A

warmer environments increase the rate of movement

35
Q

passive transport

A

requires no energy, substances move down concentration gradient

36
Q

active transport

A

requires energy ATP, substance move up concentration gradient, includes primary active transport with Na/K ATPase pump

37
Q

simple diffusion

A

unassisted transport of lipid soluble or very small substances across a plasma membrane, down its concentration gradient

38
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

assisted transport of large or lipid insoluble substances, from an area of high concentration to low concentration, using an integral protein

39
Q

osmosis

A

movement of water across the plasma membrane, move down concentration gradient from an area of high water concentration to low water concentration

40
Q

active transport

A

substances need to move against their concentration gradient, uses carrier proteins called Na/K ATPase pump

41
Q

tonicity

A

the ability of a solution to affect the shape of a cell by altering the cells internal water volume

42
Q

isotonic

A

same concentration as the ICF for both, causes no change in cell volume or shape

43
Q

hypertonic

A

solution has a higher concentration of impermeable solutes than the ICF, shrink (crenate)

44
Q

hypotonic

A

solution has a lower concentration of impermeable solutes than the ICF, swell

45
Q

resting membrane potential definition

A

potential energy that exists across the plasma membrane resulting from separating oppositely charged ions by the plasma membrane

46
Q

no membrane potential

A

5 positive charges outside and 5 positive charges inside

47
Q

membrane potential

A

if one positive ions moves from inside to the outside - 6 outside and 4 inside

48
Q

in the ECF what ion has a higher concentration compared to the ICF

A

Na

49
Q

in the ICF what ion has a higher concentration compared to the ECF

A

K

50
Q

the plasma membrane contains more leakage channels of what type

A

K leakage channels

51
Q

how is the resting membrane potential generated

A

generated mainly by the movement of K ions from ICF to ECF through K leakage channels in plasma membrane leaving the outside of plasma membrane positive relative to the negative inside

52
Q

how is the resting membrane potential maintained

A

maintained by the active transport of ions using the career protein called the Na/K ATPase pump

53
Q

location of nervous tissue

A

brain, spinal cord and nerves

54
Q

location of muscle tissue

A

bones, heart, smooth muscles

55
Q

location of epithelial tissue

A

skin surface

56
Q

location of connective tissue

A

bones, tendons, fat

57
Q

nervous tissue function

A

transmits electrical signals to regulate and control body functions

58
Q

muscle tissue function

A

specialised for contraction to allow movement

59
Q

skeletal muscle function

A

voluntary skeletal movement

60
Q

cardiac muscle function

A

involuntary and found in the heart

61
Q

smooth muscle

A

involuntary in blood vessels, gut, bladder, uterus

62
Q

epithelial tissue function

A

protection, absorption, excretion, filtration, secretion, transport of mucus, sensory function

63
Q

epithelial tissue definition

A

is a sheet of cells that can cover the body, line internal organs, form glands

64
Q

4 classes of connective tissue

A

CT proper, cartilage, bone, blood

65
Q

what 4 primary tissues does the skin contain

A

epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, nervous tissue

66
Q

3 layers of skin

A

epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

67
Q

epidermis vascular or avascular

A

avascular

68
Q

function of epidermis

A

prevent substances moving through spaces between the cells

69
Q

5 epidermal layers

A

stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinsoum, stratum basale

70
Q

5 cells of the epidermis

A

epidermal stem cells, keratinocytes, melanocyte, tactile cells, dendritic cells

71
Q

dermis vascular or avascular

A

vascular

72
Q

hypodermis functions

A

stores fat, shock absorber, insulator

73
Q

6 functions of skin

A

protection, sensation, metabolic function, excretion, blood reservoir, temperature regulation

74
Q

three stages of tissue repair

A

inflammation, organisation, remodelling

75
Q

stage 1: inflammation

A

includes the formation of a blood clot

76
Q

stage 2: organisation

A

includes the formation of granulation tissue

77
Q

stage 3: remodelling

A

includes regeneration and fibrosis

78
Q

stage 1: inflammation function

A

prepares the wound for repair, eliminates invading microorganisms and removes debris and dead tissue

79
Q

stage 2: organisation function

A

extracellular matrice synthesis including collagen and restore a blood supply

80
Q

stage 3: remodelling function

A

complete permanent skin repair

bma1901 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions