Module 4, 5, 6 Flashcards

(51 cards)

1
Q

These are igneous rocks formed at considerable depths generally between 7-10 km below the surface of the Earth.

A

Plutonic Rocks

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2
Q

These are rocks that have been formed from an originally hot molten material through the process of cooling and crystallization.

A

Igneous Rock

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3
Q

These are the important conditions for the original material to form igneous rocks, except?

A

Hot Surrounding

Options: B. Hot Surrounding, C. Molten state, D. None of these

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4
Q

Igneous rocks through intrusive formation are formed from?

A

Magma

Options: A. Magma, B. Lava, C. Both A & B, D. None of these

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5
Q

This term is used for the textures in which the minerals are perceivably crystallized but in extremely fine grain.

A

Microcrystalline

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6
Q

These are also termed phaneric.

A

Holocrystalline

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7
Q

It is when minerals are crystallized and others are of glassy character in the same rock.

A

Merocrystalline

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8
Q

It is when most of the crystals are of anhedral or irregular shapes.

A

Allotriomorphic

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9
Q

It is when all the component minerals are of approximately equal dimensions.

A

Equigranular

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10
Q

It is when the rock is micro granular, the grains being mostly microscopic crystals but these invariably show perfect outlines.

A

Felsitic texture

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11
Q

Because of its very slow rate of cooling, the rocks resulting are coarse grained.

A

Plutonic Rocks

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12
Q

These are the igneous rocks formed on the surface of the Earth by cooling and crystallization of lava erupted from volcanoes.

A

Volcanic Rocks

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13
Q

These rocks get exposed on the surface of the Earth as a consequence of erosion of the overlying strata.

A

Plutonic Rocks

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14
Q

The grain size of the crystals formed in these rocks is very fine, often microscopic.

A

Volcanic Rocks

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15
Q

It is defined as the mutual relationship of different mineralogical constituents in a rock.

A

Texture

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16
Q

It is when all the constituent minerals are distinctly crystallized.

A

Holocrystalline

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17
Q

These igneous rocks are formed at intermediate depths, generally up to 2 km below the surface of the Earth.

A

Hypabyssal Rocks

Options: A. Volcanic Rocks, B. Plutonic Rocks, C. Hypabyssal Rocks

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18
Q

It is when some minerals in the rock are exceptionally larger or smaller than the other.

A

Inequigranular

Options: A. Equigranular, B. Orthogranular, C. Inequigranular

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19
Q

It is when majority of the components are in fully developed shapes.

A

Panidiomorphic

Options: A. Panidiomorphic, B. Hypidiomorphic, C. Allotriomorphic

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20
Q

These are formed when the magma being injected is considerably viscous so that it is unable to flow and spread for greater distances.

A

Laccoliths

Options: A. Sills, B. Phacoliths, C. Laccoliths, D. Lopoliths

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21
Q

It is when the constituents are very fine in size and glassy or non-crystalline in nature.

A

Holohyaline

Options: A. Holocrystalline, B. Holohyaline, C. Merocrystalline

22
Q

Defined as plutonic light-colored igneous rocks.

A

Granite

Options: A. Granite, B. Diorite, C. Andesite, D. Syenites

23
Q

It is when the rock contains crystals of all categories: euhedral, subhedral or anhedral.

A

Hypidiomorphic

Options: A. Panidiomorphic, B. Hypidiomorphic, C. Allotriomorphic

24
Q

These exhibit perfect or semi perfect parallelism of crystals or crystallites in the direction of the flow of magma.

A

Directive texture

Options: A. Directive texture, B. Trachytic texture, C. Trachytoid texture

25
Characterized by the presence of a few conspicuously large sized crystals which are embedded in a fine-grained ground mass or matrix.
Porphyritic texture ## Footnote Options: A. Equigranular textures, B. Granitic texture, C. Felsitic texture, D. Porphyritic texture
26
The igneous intrusions that have been injected along or between the bedding planes or sedimentary sequence.
Sills ## Footnote Options: A. Sills, B. Phacoliths, C. Laccoliths, D. Lopoliths
27
These are known to be quite abundant volcanic rocks, next to basalts and may occur as crystallized lava flows of extensive dimensions.
Andesite ## Footnote Options: A. Granite, B. Diorite, C. Andesite, D. Syenites
28
They commonly occur as dykes and are formed from magmas that have different gaseous content compared to magmas from which granites are formed.
Lamprophyre ## Footnote Options: A. Basalt, B. Pegmatites, C. Aplite, D. Lamprophyre
29
A very general two-fold classification based on the presence or absence of layered structure.
Foliation ## Footnote Options: A. Foliation, B. Foliated Rocks, C. Non-Foliated Rocks
30
These are megascopically crystalline foliated metamorphic rock characterized by segregation of constituent minerals into layers or bands of contrasting color, texture and composition.
Gneiss ## Footnote Options: A. Slate, B. Schists, C. Gneiss, D. Quartzite
31
It shows great variations in their thickness, length, texture and composition.
Dykes ## Footnote Options: A. Sill, B. Dykes, C. Cone sheet, D. Ring dykes
32
These are volcanic igneous rocks formed by rapid cooling from lava flows from volcanoes either over the surface or under water on oceanic floors.
Basalt ## Footnote Options: A. Basalt, B. Pegmatites, C. Aplite, D. Lamprophyre
33
Texture which includes all those textures that have been newly imposed upon the rock during the process of metamorphism.
Crystalloblastic ## Footnote Options: A. Blasto, B. Crystalloblastic, C. Palimpsest
34
This is a product of low-grade regional metamorphism of argillaceous rock.
Slate ## Footnote Options: A. Slate, B. Schists, C. Gneiss, D. Quartzite
35
It is when two or more minerals may crystallize out simultaneously in a limited space so that the resulting crystals are mixed up or intergrown.
Intergrowth texture ## Footnote Options: A. Directive texture, B. Trachytic texture, C. Trachytoid texture, D. Intergrowth texture
36
These are essentially granular metamorphic rock composed chiefly of recrystallized limestone.
Marble ## Footnote Options: A. Marble, B. Orthogneiss, C. Paragneiss, D. Banded gneiss
37
Those metamorphic rocks characterized with total nearly total absence of foliation or parallelism of mineralogical constituents.
Non-Foliated Rocks ## Footnote Options: A. Foliation, B. Foliated Rocks, C. Non-Foliated Rocks
38
Defined as assemblages of dyke-like injections which are generally inclined towards common centers.
Cone sheet ## Footnote Options: A. Sill, B. Dykes, C. Cone sheet, D. Ring dykes
39
These rocks have been used extensively in monuments and memorials as columns and steps and as flooring in buildings.
Granite ## Footnote Options: A. Granite, B. Diorite, C. Andesite, D. Syenites
40
Heat, pressure and chemically active fluids are the main agents involved in processing these rocks.
Metamorphic Rocks ## Footnote Options: A. Igneous Rocks, B. Sedimentary Rocks, C. Metamorphic Rocks
41
The constituents are either all coarse grained or all medium grained and the crystals show euhedral to subhedral outlines.
Granitic texture ## Footnote Options: A. Equigranular textures, B. Granitic texture, C. Felsitic texture, D. Orthophyric texture
42
Defined as columnar bodies of igneous rocks that cut across the bedding plane or unconformities or cleavage planes and similar structures.
Dykes ## Footnote Options: A. Dykes, B. Sill, C. Cone sheet, D. Ring dykes
43
Is a characteristic of certain felspathic lavas and is recognized by a parallel arrangement of feldspar crystals.
Trachytic texture ## Footnote Options: A. Directive texture, B. Trachytic texture, C. Trachytoid texture
44
These are formed at the margins of bigger igneous masses.
Diorite ## Footnote Options: A. Diorite, B. Granite, C. Andesite, D. Syenites
45
These are typical gneiss in which the tabular and flaky minerals are segregated in very conspicuous bands of alternating dark and light colors.
Banded gneiss ## Footnote Options: A. Marble, B. Orthogneiss, C. Paragneiss, D. Banded gneiss
46
All metamorphic rocks showing development of conspicuous parallelism in their mineralogical and structural constitution.
Foliated Rocks ## Footnote Options: A. Foliated Rocks, B. Foliation, C. Non-Foliated Rocks
47
These masses may be circular, semicircular or irregular and show considerable variation in their diameter.
Batholiths ## Footnote Options: A. Sill, B. Dyke, C. Volcanic Necks, D. Batholiths
48
Textures that include textures which were present in the parent rock and have been retained by the rock despite metamorphic changes in other aspects.
Palimpsest ## Footnote Options: A. Blasto, B. Crystalloblastic, C. Palimpsest
49
These do not show any special textures and structures except that they are invariably coarse grained and mostly inequigranular.
Pegmatites ## Footnote Options: A. Pegmatites, B. Basalt, C. Aplite, D. Lamprophyre
50
These are formed from the metamorphism of sedimentary rocks like sandstones.
Paragneiss ## Footnote Options: A. Marble, B. Orthogneiss, C. Paragneiss
51
Derived from remains of dead sea or land animals in suitable environments.
Sediments