Module 1 Characteristics Of Ruminants

Question 1

Examples of ruminant animals

Answer 1

Cattle, sheep, goat, buffalo, deer, elk, giraffes and camels

Question 2

is the largest section and the main digestive center. Most important stomach of ruminant

Answer 2

Rumen

Question 3

Where do the partially chewed grass goes into where it is stored and broken down into balls of “cud”.

Answer 3

Large rumen

Question 4

Percentage of immature ruminant stomach

Answer 4

Rumen- 25% reticulum-5% omasum -10% abomasum-60%

Question 5

Percentage of mature ruminant stomach

Answer 5

Rumen-80% reticulum-5% omasum- 8% abomasum- 8%

Question 6

Cloven hooves

Answer 6

Artiodactyl

Question 7

Microorganism in rumen

Answer 7

Bacteria, yeast, protozoa, fungi

Question 8

Order of ruminant

Answer 8

Artiodactyla

Question 9

Suborder of ruminant

Answer 9

Ruminantia

Question 10

Ruminant digestive system

Answer 10

Mouth,
esophagus,
four compartment stomach,
pancreas,
gall bladder,
small intestine,
large intestine

Question 11

The cattle number of prehensile bites to harvest forage while grazing each day.

Answer 11

25,000 to more than 40,000

Question 12

Liters of saliva secreted per day

Answer 12

110-180 liters a day

Question 13

Saliva function

Answer 13

Aids in chewing and swallowing, contains enzymes for breakdown of fat (salivary lipase) and starch (salivary amylase), and is involved in nitrogen recycling to the rumen. To buffer pH levels in the reticulum and rumen.

Question 14

A mature cow produces up to how many quarts of saliva per day.

Answer 14

50-80 quarts daily

Question 15

carry substances down the esophagus to the reticulum.

Answer 15

Muscle contractions and pressure

Question 16

Forages and feeds mix with saliva containing what? when consumed, to form a bolus.

Answer 16

Sodium, potassium, phosphate, bicarbonate, and urea

Question 17

Buffer PH of cattle
.

Answer 17

8.4

Question 18

The esophagus functions in ruminant

Answer 18

Bidirectionally in ruminants, allowing them to regurgitate their cud for further chewing, if necessary.

Question 19

It is When forage and other feedstuffs are forced back to the mouth for further chewing and mixing with saliva. This cud is then swallowed again and passed into the reticulum.

Answer 19

Rumination or “chewing the cud”

Question 20

It is where most of the liquid portion rapidly moves

Answer 20

Reticulorumen

Question 21

The solid portion left behind in the rumen typically remains for up to how many hours and forms a dense mat in the rumen, where microbes can use the fibrous feedstuffs to make precursors for energy.

Answer 21

48

Question 22

True ruminants that have one stomach and four compartments

Answer 22

Cattle, sheep, goats, deer, and antelope

Question 23

The ruminant stomach occupies almost how many percent of the abdominal cavity, filling nearly all of the left side and extending significantly into the right side.

Answer 23

75 percent filling nearly all of the left side and extending significantly into the right side.

Question 24

The rumen can hold up about how many gallons in a mature cow?

Answer 24

40 gallons

Question 25

The reticulum can hold up about how many gallons in a mature cow?

Answer 25

5

Question 26

The omasum can hold up about how many gallons in a mature cow?

Answer 26

15

Question 27

The abomasum can hold up about how many gallons in a mature cow?

Answer 27

7

Question 28

Function of microbes

Answer 28

Ferment and breakdown plant cell wall into their carbohydrates fractions and produce volatile fatty acids.

Question 29

Microbes also produce what kind of vitamin

Answer 29

Vitamin B and K and amino acid

Question 30

is called the “honeycomb” because of the honeycomb appearance of its lining, It sits underneath and toward the front of the rumen, lying against the diaphragm.

Answer 30

Reticulum

Question 31

The main function of the reticulum.

Answer 31

Collect smaller digesta particles and move them into the omasum, also traps and collects heavy/dense objects

Question 32

is sometimes called the “paunch.” It is lined with papillae for nutrient absorption and divided by muscular pillars into the dorsal, ventral, caudo-dorsal, and caudoventral sacs.

Answer 32

Rumen

Question 33

Alternative molecule in rumen

Answer 33

Nitrate, sulfate and sulfur

Question 34

About how many percent of starch and soluble sugar consumed is digested in the rumen.

Answer 34

50-65%

Question 35

Rumen PH level

Answer 35

6.2-6.8

Question 36

Function of Rumen microorganism

Answer 36

Digest cellulose from plant cell walls Digest complex starch, Synthesize protein from nonprotein nitrogen Synthesize B vitamins and vitamin K

Question 37

Gases produce in rumen

Answer 37

Carbon dioxide, methane, and hydrogen sulfide.

Question 38

is spherical and connected to the reticulum by a short tunnel. It is called the “many plies” or the “butcher’s bible” in reference to the many folds or leaves that resemble pages of a book. These folds increase the surface area, which increases the area that absorbs nutrients from feed and water. Water absorption occurs.

Answer 38

Omasum

Question 39

abomasum produces what?

Answer 39

Hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes, such as pepsin (breaks down protein), and receives digestive enzymes secreted from the pancreas, such as pancreatic lipase (breaks down fats).

Question 40

PH of abomasum

Answer 40

3.5-4

Question 41

Ph level of small intestine its feet long and gallon capacity

Answer 41

2.5 to between 7 and 8. 150 feet long 20 gallon capacity

Question 42

large intestine its feet long and gallon capacity

Answer 42

3 feet long 2 gallon capacity

Question 43

is secreted into the first section of the small intestine, the duodenum, to aid in digestion.

Answer 43

Bile from gall bladder

Question 44

Is a large blind pouch at the beginning of the large intestine

Answer 44

Cecum

Question 45

is the site of most of the water absorption in the large intestine.

Answer 45

Colon

Question 46

in these young animals is formed by muscular folds of the reticulum. It shunts milk directly to the omasum and then abomasum, bypassing the reticulorumen.

Answer 46

Esophageal groove

Question 47

Lengthen and decrease in numbers as part of rumen development.

Answer 47

Rumen papillae

Question 48

Too much legumes

Answer 48

Bloat

Question 49

Too much grain

Answer 49

Acidosis

Question 50

Process of digestion in ruminant

Answer 50

Food intake and chewing The chewed cud moves to the rumen The partially digested feed progresses to the reticulum The omasum role is primarily to reduce the water content of the digesta The abomasum often term as true stomach Finally, the digested nutrient reach the small and large intestine.

Question 51

Volume compromise of omasum stomach?

Answer 51

12%

Question 52

Volume compromise of rumen and reticulum stomach?

Answer 52

84%

Question 53

Volumes compromises of abomasum stomach?

Answer 53

4%

Question 54

Microbes can use this to make precursor energy

Answer 54

Fibrous feedstuff

Question 55

Rumen environment is what?

Answer 55

Anaerobic

Question 56

Differences of acetate, propionate and butyrate

Answer 56

Acetate-fat synthesis Propionate-glucose synthesis Butyrate-carbohydrates synthesis

Question 57

Immature ruminants are not allowed to access to this feed

Answer 57

Feeds containing non-protein nitrogen such as urea