Module 1 (Epithelium)

Question 1

What is epithelium

Answer 1

Basic tissue composed of closely apposed cells with little to no intervening intercellular substance

Question 2

What are the two types of epithelium

Answer 2

Covering and glandular

Question 3

What is covering epithelium

Answer 3

Cells that cover the external and internal surfaces

Question 4

What is glandular epithelium

Answer 4

Cells that produce and secrete hormones

Question 5

What is cellularity

Answer 5

Adjacent epithelial cells joined by specialized surfaces

Question 6

What are the 4 types of junctions

Answer 6

Tight junctions, adhering junctions, desmosomes, and gap junctions

Question 7

What is polarity

Answer 7

When an epithelial cell has an exposed surface that faces the exterior of the body or internal space
A basal surface where it is attached to the underlying tissue

Question 8

What is attachment

Answer 8

Epithelial cells rest on and are attached to the basal lamina (basement membrane)

Question 9

What is avascularity

Answer 9

Epithelial tissues have no direct blood supply so they receive nutrients from the blood vessels in the underlying tissue

Question 10

What is regeneration

Answer 10

When epithelial cells are renewed continuously

Question 11

What are the functions of epithelium

Answer 11

Support and protection
Permeability
Sensation
Secretion

Question 12

Support and protection (Epithelium)

Answer 12

Covers and lines external and internal surfaces of the body protecting underlying tissue from injury, pathogens and dehydration

Question 13

Permeability

Answer 13

Allows for substances to be absorbed into the body

Question 14

Sensation

Answer 14

Some cells contain specialized cells that detect sensory stimuli

Question 15

Secretion

Answer 15

Some cells are specialized to secrete specific substances (skin secretes lubrications oil)

Question 16

Two ways cells can be organized

Answer 16

Simple or stratified

Question 17

How many cell layers do simple cells have

Answer 17

One

Question 18

How many cell layers do stratified cells have

Answer 18

Two or more
Only the deepest layer is in contact with the basal lamina

Question 19

What are the three cell shapes

Answer 19

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar

Question 20

Characteristics of squamous

Answer 20

Flat (thin), wide, somewhat irregularly shaped

Question 21

Characteristics of cuboidal

Answer 21

About the same size on all sides, the nucleus is centrally located

Question 22

Characteristics of columnar

Answer 22

Taller than they are wide, nucleus is oval and located in the basal region of cell

Question 23

Simple squamous

Answer 23

Single layer of flattened cells

Question 24

Where can simple squamous be found

Answer 24

In the lining of blood vessels

Question 25

Why should blood vessels have a thin barrier

Answer 25

They transport materials to and from cells and the thin barrier allows for rapid exchange

Question 26

Simple cuboidal

Answer 26

Single layer of cube cells

Question 27

Where can simple cuboidal cells be found

Answer 27

In the lining of some glands

Question 28

Simple columnar

Answer 28

Single layer of column shaped cells

Question 29

Where can simple columnar cells be found

Answer 29

In the lining of the gastrointestinal tract

Question 30

Why is it useful for cells to be simple columnar in the lining of the gastrointestinal tract

Answer 30

Allows for rapid secretion or absorption of material

Question 31

Stratified squamous

Answer 31

Multiple layers of flat cells

Question 32

Where can stratified squamous cells be found

Answer 32

The most superficial layer of skin to protect deeper structures from abrasion and damage

Question 33

Stratified cuboidal

Answer 33

Multiple layers of cube shaped cells

Question 34

Where are stratified cuboidal cells found

Answer 34

In some ducts of glands

Question 35

Function of stratified cuboidal cells

Answer 35

Secretion, protection, and strengthening the walls of ducts

Question 36

Stratified columnar

Answer 36

Multiple layers of column shaped cells

Question 37

Where can stratified columnar cells be found

Answer 37

Rare in the human body but can be found in male urethra

Question 38

Functions of stratified columnar cells

Answer 38

Protection and secretion

Question 39

Transitional epithelium

Answer 39

Multiple layers of epithelial cells that allow for stretching

Question 40

Shape of transitional epithelium

Answer 40

Vary in shape, depending on whether the tissue is stretched or relaxed

Question 41

Where can transitional epithelium be found

Answer 41

Lines the ureters and proximal end of the urethra (near the bladder)

Question 42

What happens to transitional epithelium in the urinary bladder

Answer 42

Able to change shapes as urine accumulates in the bladder

Question 43

Pseudostratified (ciliated columnar)

Answer 43

Single layer of cells and has its cell nuclei positioned in a manner suggestive of stratified epithelium

Question 44

What does the cilia on the surface of pseudostratified epithelium help with

Answer 44

Helps to move mucous

Question 45

Where can pseudostratified epithelium be found

Answer 45

Throughout most of the respiratory tract