MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION, HISTORY, TERMINOLOGIES

Question 1

Branch of science that deals with drugs

Answer 1

Pharmacology

Question 2

He made the earliest compilation of drugs, which was written by Emperor Shengnung in about 2,700 B.C.

Answer 2

Pen Tsao

Question 3

Describe penalties for malpractices of practitioner

Answer 3

Code of Hammurabi

Question 4

Oldest record of Egyptian drugs (name of drugs only)

Answer 4

Kahun papyrus

Question 5

Record of completion of disease conditions and prescriptions (ds. and drugs)

Answer 5

Ebers papyrus

Question 6

He assembled the library of clay tablets in Summeria (Asia major).

Answer 6

Ashurbanipal

Question 7

He is the greatest teacher of medicine; “father of medicine”.

Answer 7

Hippocrates

Question 8

It is the concept of the healing power of nature.

Answer 8

Vis medicatrix nature

Question 9

He formed the scientific basis of medicine.

Answer 9

Aristotle

Question 10

He systemically classifies medicinal plants.

Answer 10

Theophrastus

Question 11

He established the modern scientific method of naming plants of animals (taxonomy) - both plans and animals.

Answer 11

Carolus Linnaeus

Question 12

He compiled the 1st Materia medica (old pharmacology).

Answer 12

Dioscorides

Question 13

He compiled a treatise that included prescriptions for farm animals; father of veterinary medicine.

Answer 13

Publius Vegetius

Question 14

He classified drugs and poison.

Answer 14

Geber Ibn Hjar

Question 15

He compiled the 1st pharmacopeia (book).

Answer 15

Valerius Cordus

Question 16

He discovered the circulation of blood and indicated that drug were distributed to various parts of the body by this means.

Answer 16

William Harvey

Question 17

He make the 1st I.V. injection of drugs into a dog - 1630.

Answer 17

Christopher Wren

Question 18

He devised the 1st hypodermic needle and syringe - 1850.

Answer 18

Alexander Wood

Question 19

He introduced the clinical use of opium (from poppy plants) (1st drug discovered) or laudanum.

Answer 19

Theophrastus Bombastus Von Hohenheim
or Philippus Aureolus Paracelsus

Question 20

He isolated the narcotic substance of opium and called it morphine after Morpheus (Roman god of dreams).

Answer 20

Fredrich Serturner

Question 21

He discovered the vaccine against small pox.

Answer 21

Edward Jenner

Question 22

He established the foundation for modern pharmacology (drug action, D-R. relationship, drug disposition) - action in the body.

Answer 22

Francois Magendie

Question 23

He observed the use of foxglove (plant) in the Tx. of dropsy.

Answer 23

William Withering

Question 24

He established the 1st independent laboratory devoted exclusively to the study of pharmacology; father of pharmacology.

Answer 24

Rudolph Buchheim

Question 25

He is the father of pharmacology in U.S.

Answer 25

John Abel

Question 26

He reported the synthesis of **arsphenamine** (1st anti-bac drug) which is an anti-syphilic drug - 1910.

Answer 26

Paul Ehrlich - 1910

Question 27

Father of chemotherapy

Answer 27

Paul Ehrlich

Question 28

Arsphenamine is anti-____ drug.

Answer 28

trypanosomal

Question 29

He isolated sulfanilamide - 1935.

Answer 29

Gerhard Domagk

Question 30

They isolated estrone from female urine.

Answer 30

Doisy and Butenandt

Question 31

He isolated aldosterone from male urine.

Answer 31

Butenandt

Question 32

He discovered the steroid structure of progesterone.

Answer 32

Slotta

Question 33

He isolated thyroxine.

Answer 33

Kendall

Question 34

They isolated and purify insulin - 1922.

Answer 34

Banting & Best

Question 35

He isolated adrenalin.

Answer 35

John Abel

Question 36

He showed the active ingredient of foxglove called digitalis.

Answer 36

Claude Bernard

Question 37

He discovered the antiseptic effect of chlorine in the form of chlorinated lime.

Answer 37

Ignaz Semmelweis

Question 38

He used antiseptic in the field of surgery - carbolic lotion.

Answer 38

Joseph Lister

Question 39

He synthesize barbituric acid.

Answer 39

Adolph von Baeyer

Question 40

He introduced the use of aspirin.

Answer 40

Felix Hoffman

Question 41

Experimental science dealing with the properties of drug and their effects on the living system

Answer 41

Pharmacology

Question 42

It is the study of sources of drugs.

Answer 42

Pharmacognosy

Question 43

It is the study of the action and fate of drugs in the body.

Answer 43

Pharmacodynamics

Question 44

It is the study of the use of drugs in Tx. of Ds.

Answer 44

Pharmacotherapeutics

Question 45

Tx. means ?

Answer 45

Treatment or therapy

Question 46

Ds. means?

Answer 46

Disease

Question 47

Dx. means ?

Answer 47

Diagnosis

Question 48

Cs. means?

Answer 48

Clinical signs

Question 49

It is the study of poisonous effect/s of drug in the body.

Answer 49

Toxicology

Question 50

Drug came from French word _____ which means _____.

Answer 50

drogue; herb

Question 51

It is an article intended to be used in Dx, mitigation, Tx., or prevention of ds. in human and other animals.

Answer 51

Drug

Question 52

Drugs that act on different systems of the body

Answer 52

Systemic drugs

Question 53

Drugs that act on specific causative agent

Answer 53

Chemotherapeutic agents/drugs

Question 54

Term describing tx. of ds. in general and includes use of drug, surgery, radiation, behavioural modification and other modalities.

Answer 54

Therapy

Question 55

Branch of pharmacology dealing with drugs that selectively inhibit or destroy specific agents of ds. such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other parasites and is extended in the tx. of neoplastic ds.

Answer 55

Chemotherapy

Question 56

ADME means?

Answer 56

absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion

Question 57

Pertains to or founded in actual observation of Tx of patients, as distinguish from theoretical or experimental; study of drug in the animal patient.

Answer 57

Clinical pharmacology

Question 58

It is the science that define limits of safety of chemical agents to human and animals.

Answer 58

Toxicology

Question 59

It is the study of medicine dosage which varies with the species of animal, intended effect of drug and individual tolerance and/or suceptibility.

Answer 59

Posology

Question 60

Amount necessary to elicit the drug therapeutic response in patients

Answer 60

Dose of a drug

Question 61

Quantity of medicine to be administered at 1 time

Answer 61

Dose

Question 62

Refers to determination and regulation of a dose

Answer 62

Dosage

Question 63

How do you compute dosage?

Answer 63

D x W divided by concentration

Question 64

What is the dose of AtSO4 for it to act on mydriasis?

Answer 64

0.6 - 1.2 mg/kg

Question 65

What is the dose of AtSO4 for it to become antidote?

Answer 65

0.2 - 0.5 mg/kg

Question 66

What is the dose of AtSO4 for it to become pre-anesthetic?

Answer 66

0.045 mg/kg

Question 67

It is the study of weight and measures as applied to preparation and administration of drug.

Answer 67

Metrology

Question 68

It is concern with collection, preparation, standardization, and dispensing of drugs.

Answer 68

Pharmacy

Question 69

It is the interaction between the drug and excipients (binder), formulation, and technique of preparation, mixing, and packaging of drugs.

Answer 69

Biopharmaceutics

Question 70

It is concerned with pharmacy, posology, pharmacognosy, and indication for tx. and use of drugs.

Answer 70

Materia medica

Question 71

Book containing tables of drugs including statements of their properties, dose, and standard of strength and purity.

Answer 71

Pharmacopeia

Question 72

It is the branch of pharmacology involved in identifying genetic variation leading to individual differences in drug responses - refers to monogenetic (single genes).

Answer 72

Pharmacogenetics

Question 73

Refers to the entire spectrum of genes that are involved in determining a patients response to particular drug

Answer 73

Pharmacogenomics

Question 74

Nutritional products which allegedly have therapeutic value in addition to their scientifically recognized nutritional content - chemical prepared in pharmaceutical way.

Answer 74

Nutraceuticals

Question 75

Process of monitoring drug risk and conveying ways to optimize benefit and minimize risks

Answer 75

Pharmacovigilance

Question 76

Any adverse event associated with the use of a new animals drug whether or not considered to be drug-related, and whether or not the new animal drug was used in accordance with the approved labelling.

Answer 76

Adverse drug experience (ADE)

Question 77

What are the 3 principles of drugs?

Answer 77

1. Drug once it enters the circulation, must also exit the circulation. 2. Everything insufficient is inadequate, everything excessive is harmful 3. Drugs have different actions in the body