MODULE 3 PART 3: DOSAGE FORMS OF DRUGS

Question 1

These are the means or the form by which drug molecules are delivered to sites of action within the body.

Answer 1

Dosage forms

Question 2

What are the needs for dosage forms?

Answer 2

1. Accurate dose.
2. Protection e.g. coated tablets, sealed ampules.
3. Protection from gastric juice.
4. Masking taste and odour.
5. Placement of drugs within body tissues.
6. Sustained release medication.
7. Controlled release medication.
8. Optimal drug action.
9. Insertion of drugs into body cavities (rectal, vaginal)
10. Use of desired vehicle for insoluble drugs.

Question 3

Dosage forms are classified according to? (hint: 2 answers)

Answer 3

• Route of administration
• Physical form

Question 4

What are the physical forms of drug?

Answer 4

• Solid
• Semi-solid
• Liquid
• Gaseous

Question 5

This dosage form is hard, compressed medication in round, oval, or square shape.

Answer 5

Tablet

Question 6

These are used to ensure efficient tableting,

Answer 6

Binder, glidants (flow aids) and lubricants

Question 7

This is to ensure that the tablet breaks up in the digestive tract.

Answer 7

Disintegrants

Question 8

This is used to mask the taste 0f bad-tasting active ingredients.

Answer 8

Sweeteners/flavors

Question 9

This is used to make uncoated tablets visually attractive.

Answer 9

Pigments

Question 10

Tablet is prepared by what methods?

Answer 10

• Mold method
• Compression method

Question 11

A tablet coating may be applied to?

Answer 11

a. Hide the tase of the tablet’s components
b. Make the tablet smoother and easier to swallow
c. Make it more resistant to the environment
d. Extending its shelf life

Question 12

This type of tablet are administered by placing them in the mouth, either under the tongue (sublingual) or between the gum and the cheek (buccal).

Answer 12

Buccal and sublingual tablet

Question 13

What are some examples of buccal and sublingual tablet?

Answer 13

• Vasodilators
• Steroidal hormones

Question 14

These are uncoated tablets that generally contain acid substance (citric and tartaric acids) and carbonates or bicarbonates and which react rapidly in the presence of water by releasing CO2.

Answer 14

Effervescent tablet

Question 15

Effervescent tablets are intended to be dissolved or dispersed in water before use providing ?

Answer 15

• Very rapid tablet dispersion and dissolution
• Pleasant tasting carbonated drink

Question 16

These are tables that chew prior to swallowing and are designed for administration to children (e.g. vitamin products).

Answer 16

Chewable tablet

Question 17

This drug form is a medication in gelatin container masking the unpleasant taste of its contents.

Answer 17

Capsule

Question 18

This type of capsule are normally used for dry and powdered ingredients.

Answer 18

Hard-shelled capsules

Question 19

This type of capsule is primarily used for oils and for active ingredients that are dissolved or suspended in oil.

Answer 19

Soft-shelled capsules

Question 20

This drug form is a solid preparation of sugar and gum, the latter giving strength and cohesiveness to the _____ and facilitating slow release of medicament.

Answer 20

Lozenge

Question 21

This drug form is usually used to medicate the mouth and throat for the slow administration of indigestion or cough remedies. (solid)

Answer 21

Lozenge

Question 22

This drug form is a solid medicated preparation designed to dissolve slowly in the mouth.

Answer 22

Pastilles

Question 23

This drug form is softer than lozenges and their bases are either glycerol and gelatin, acacia and sugar.

Answer 23

Pastilles

Question 24

This drug form is an oral dosage which consist of spherical masses prepared from one or more medicament incorporated with inert excipients.

Answer 24

Pills

Question 25

This drug form consists of solid, dry aggregates of powder particles often supplied in single-dose sachets; they are irregular shape particle which are made to improve flow property of powder.

Answer 25

Granules

Question 26

_____ granules evolve carbon dioxide when added to water.

Answer 26

Effervescent

Question 27

This drug form is a solid dosage form that is intimate mixtures of dry finely divided drug or chemical intended for internal/external use.

Answer 27

Powder (oral)

Question 28

This drug form is a multidose preparations consisting of solid, loose, dry particles of varying degrees of fineness - containing one or more active ingredients, with or without excipients and, if necessary, coloring matter and flavoring substances.

Answer 28

Bulk powders

Question 29

This drug form usually contain non-potent medicaments such as antacids since the patient measures a dose by volume using a 5 ml medicine spoon.

Answer 29

Bulk powders

Question 30

This liquid preparation/drug is a clear liquid for oral use containing one or more active ingredients dissolved in a suitable vehicle.

Answer 30

Oral solution

Question 31

This liquid preparation/drug is stabilized oil-in-water dispersions, either or both phases of which may contain dissolved solids either oil is dispersed in finely divided from in water or vice versa.

Answer 31

Oral emulsion

Question 32

This liquid preparation/drug is for oral use containing one or more active ingredients suspended in a suitable vehicle. - May show a sediment which is readily dispersed on shaking to give a uniform suspension which remain sufficiently stable to enable the correct dose to be delivered.

Answer 32

Oral suspension

Question 33

This liquid preparation is a concentrated aqueous solution of a sugar, usually sucrose to which medicaments are added.

Answer 33

Syrup

Question 34

This liquid preparation/drug is pleasantly flavored clear liquid oral preparation of potent or nauseous drugs. - The vehicle may contain a high proportion of ethanol or sucrose together with antimicrobial preservatives which confers the stability of the preparation.

Answer 34

Elixir

Question 35

* This liquid preparation/drug is viscous, oral preparation that are usually prescribed for relief of cough. * Contain a high proportion of syrup and glycerol which have a demulcent effect on the membrane of the throat * The dose volume is small (5ml) and to, prolong the demulcent action, they should be taken undiluted.

Answer 35

Linctuses

Question 36

* This liquid preparation/drug are aqueous solutions used in the prevention or treatment of throat infections. * Usually they are prepared in a concentration solution with directions for the patient to dilute with warm water before use.

Answer 36

Gargles

Question 37

* This liquid preparation/drug is similar to gargles but is used for oral hygiene and to treat infections of the mouth.

Answer 37

Mouthwashes

Question 38

* This topical dosage form is semi-solid, greasy preparations for application to the skin, rectum, or nasal mucosa. * Its base is usually anhydrous and immiscible with skin secretions. * Maybe used as emollients or to apply suspended/dissolved medicaments to the skin.

Answer 38

Ointments

Question 39

* This topical dosage form is semi-solid emulsion that is mixtures of oil and water.

Answer 39

Creams