MODULE 3 PART 1: PHARMACOGNOSY Flashcards
(18 cards)
There are 3 main sources of drugs. What are these?
- Minerals
- Animals
- Plants
Give some examples of mineral source of drugs.
- Iron (ferrous sulfate)
- Magnesium hydroxide (hyperacidity etc.)
Give some examples of source of drugs from animals.
- Insulin (from pancreas)
- Heparin (from buffy coat of blood)
Give some examples of source of drugs from plants (80%).
- Alkaloids
- Glycosides
- Resins
- Gums
- Tannins
- Oils
Plant source of drugs:
These are basic nitrogenous substances that are soluble in alcohol and some other organic solvents but are insoluble in H2O.
Alkaloids
What will happen if you add oxygen to an alkaloid?
It will become a solid drug (e.g. opium - morphoine)
What is an example of alkaloid in liquid form?
Nicotine
Tx of an alkaloid with acid will produce ?
H2O-soluble salts (morphine SO4)
Alkaloids can be precipitated by ?
Salts of heavy metals, iodine, and tannic acid
Plant source of drugs:
These are various sugars combine with the org structure through an ether linkage.
Glycosides
What are some examples of Glycosides?
Digoxin, ouabain, strophantidin
Plant source of drugs:
This is a polysaccharide secreted by certain trees (e.g. acacia, tragacanth).
Gums
Plant source of drugs:
These are useful for stabilizing mixtures of other active drug in liquid dosage form.
Gums
Plant source of drugs:
These are non-nitrogenous substance that produces astringent effect (binds w/ protein - protein chemicals that need to bind).
Tannins
Form of oil that is evaporated readily when exposed to air.
Volatile oil
Form of oil that is stable and will not evaporate
Non-volatile
Turpentine, eucalyptus, and peppermint oils are what type of oil?
Volatile oil
Castor, linseed, and cotton seed oils are what type of oil?
Non-volatile (fixed)
