Module 1 (LAB): Anatomical Language | Skeletal Tissue | Axial Skeleton

Question 1

Axial Skeleton

Answer 1

• protects internal organs
• cranium, vertebral column, ribs, sternum

Question 2

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 2

• forms framework of the limbs
• upper limb, lower limb, pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle

Question 3

Osteogenic Cells

Answer 3

primordial bone cells that divide and become osteoblasts

Question 4

Osteoblasts

Answer 4

bone producing cells that secrete collagen and form extracellular matrix

Question 5

Osteocytes

Answer 5

maintain bone metabolic needs and form gap junctions between neighboring cells, found in mature bone

Question 6

Osteoclasts

Answer 6

bone resorption for maintenance and repair

Question 7

Perichondrium

Answer 7

connective tissue that covers the surface of cartilage

Question 8

Chondrocytes

Answer 8

cells responsible for cartilage formation

Question 9

Hyaline Cartilage

Answer 9

• collagen fibers, gel-like matrix
• perichondrium
• low strength
• surfaces of joints, larynx, trachea

Question 10

Fibrocartilage

Answer 10

• thick bundles of collagen
• chondrocytes
• high strength
• intervertebral discs

Question 11

Elastic Cartilage

Answer 11

• elastic and collagen fibers
• chondrocytes and perichondrium
• intermediate strength
• auricle of ear, epiglottis

Question 12

Long Bones

Answer 12

longer than they are wide

Question 13

Endochondral Ossification

Answer 13

process by which growing cartilage is systematically replaced by bone to form growing skeleton

chondroblasts lay down cartilage and gets ossified by calcium

Question 14

Epiphysis

Answer 14

articular heads, ends

Question 15

Diaphysis

Answer 15

primary ossification center, hollow, tubular shaft

Question 16

Cortical Bone

Answer 16

compact bone, dense peripheral layer

Question 17

Spongy Bone

Answer 17

at epiphysis (ends of bone)

Question 18

Medullary Cavity

Answer 18

contains yellow bone marrow

Question 19

Flat Bones

Answer 19

equal in length, width, and thickness

Question 20

Diploe

Answer 20

• porous structure interspersed throughout compact bone
• bone marrow present between trabeculae

Question 21

Five Types of Bone Shapes:

Answer 21

• Long
• Short
• Flat
• Sesamoid
• Irregular

Question 22

Short Bones

Answer 22

allow small amounts of movement, ex. carpals & tarsals

Question 23

Sesamoid

Answer 23

singular round bones, protect other bones, ex. patella

Question 24

Irregular

Answer 24

cannot be classified, ex. sacrum & vertebra

Question 25

Condyle

Answer 25

prominence at the end of a bone

Question 26

Head

Answer 26

prominent, round end of bone

Question 27

Epicondyle

Answer 27

round projection above condyle

Question 28

Tubercle

Answer 28

small, rounded projection

Question 29

Fossa

Answer 29

shallow depression

Question 30

Eminence

Answer 30

elevation

Question 31

Process

Answer 31

pointed projection

Question 32

Spine

Answer 32

sharp, pointed process

Question 33

Crest

Answer 33

narrow ridge

Question 34

Line

Answer 34

raised ridge

Question 35

Canal

Answer 35

tubular passage

Question 36

Foramen

Answer 36

round hole

Question 37

Cranial Bones

Answer 37

- 1 frontal - 2 parietal - 1 occipital - 2 temporal - 1 ethmoid - 1 sphenoid

Question 38

Facial Bones

Answer 38

- 2 maxilla - 2 zygomatic - 2 palatine - 2 lacrimal - 2 nasal - 2 inferior nasal conchae - 1 vomer - 1 mandible - 1 hyoid

Question 39

Primary Curves

Answer 39

thoracic and pelvic curves