Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BSC2085 > Module 3 (Lecture) - Chemistry > Flashcards

Module 3 (Lecture) - Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

protons

A

positively charged, found in nucleus of atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

neutrons

A

neutral charge, found in nucleus of atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

electrons

A

negatively charged, move around nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

each atom carries the same number of ___ and ___

A

protons and electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

vertical row of periodic table

A

group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

horizontal row of periodic table

A

period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

period

A

number of electron shells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

group

A

number of valence electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

__ + __ = mass number

A

protons + neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

octet rule

A

atoms will bond with other atoms that can compensate for their deficiency in valence electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

molecule

A

two atoms physically joined together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ion

A

charged form of an atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

anion

A

negatively charged due to gain of electron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

cation

A

positively charged due to loss of electron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ionic bond

A
  • occurs between two oppositely charged ions
  • transfer of one or more electrons so both have complete outer shells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

covalent bond

A

at least two atoms share valence electrons to complete outer shell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

polar covalent bond

A

unequal sharing of electrons due to the ability of one of atoms to attract electrons more strongly than the other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

electronegativity

A

ability of an atom to attract electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

polarity

A
  • difference in charges within a molecule
  • ex. oxygen having higher electronegativity than hydrogen, giving it a slightly negative charge
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

hydrophilic molecules

A

strongly attracted to water & dissolve easily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

hydrophobic molecules

A

do not contain polar covalent bonds, not attracted to water, & do not dissolve easily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

potential energy

A

stored energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

chemical energy

A

potential energy stored in bonds between atoms in compounds and molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

kinetic energy

A
  • energy associated with motion
  • ex. thermal, rotational, translational
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

exergonic reactions

A

release energy and break bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

endergonic reactions

A

absorb energy and form bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

anabolic/synthesis reaction

A
  • forms bonds
  • A + B ——- AB
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

catabolic/decomposition reaction

A
  • breaks bonds
  • AB ——– A + B
29
Q

exchange

A
  • both anabolic and catabolic reactions
  • AB + CD —— AC + BD
  • AB + C ——– AC + B
30
Q

reversible

A
  • proceed in either direction
  • A + B ~~~~ A + B
31
Q

factors that can affect reaction rate:

A

concentration, temperature, energy, catalysts

32
Q

compound

A

substance with two or more different elements

33
Q

organic compound

A
  • contain carbon atoms
  • bond: covalent
  • bonds to: hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
  • ex. carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
34
Q

inorganic compound

A
  • lack carbon atoms
  • bond: covalent or ionic
  • ex. water, acids, bases, salts
35
Q

mixture

A

molecules and elements mixing without forming bonds

36
Q

solution

A
  • homogenous
  • solvent & solute
  • transparent, particle very small (sugar in tea)
37
Q

solvent

A

substance in which other substances dissolve

38
Q

solute

A

substance that dissolves within solvent

39
Q

colloid

A
  • heterogenous
  • large particles, translucent or cloudy (milk)
40
Q

suspension

A
  • heterogenous
  • large particles, translucent/cloudy (blood)
41
Q

pH scale

A

measures how acidic or basic by measuring concentration of hydrogen ions

42
Q

acid

A
  • pH < 7
  • hydrogen > hydroxide
  • strongest in body: hydrochloride (pH =2)
43
Q

base

A
  • pH > 7
  • hydroxide > hydrogen
  • strongest alkali pH towards 14
  • proton acceptors
44
Q

neutral

A
  • pH = 7
  • hydroxide = hydrogen
  • ex. pure water
45
Q

salt

A
  • do not contain hydroxide or hydrogen
  • acid + base —— salt + water
  • contain cations & anions
46
Q

carbohydrates

A

formed by carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in 1:2:1 ratio

47
Q

monosaccharides

A
  • structure: monomer
  • example: fruit and plant juice
  • function: energy source, component of DNA and RNA
48
Q

disaccharides

A
  • structure: two monomers
  • example: sucrose
  • source: sugar cane and roots of sugar beet
  • function: energy source & dietary source of monosaccharides
49
Q

polysaccharides

A
  • structure: 100+ monomers
  • example: starch
  • source: grain and potato products
  • function: energy source, energy storage, blood glucose regulation, dietary source of monosaccharides
50
Q

glycogenolysis

A

occurs when blood glucose levels fall; glycogen stores are broken down and released into the blood to bring glucose levels back to normal

51
Q

glycogenesis

A

occurs when blood sugar levels rise; glucose taken up from blood by cells in liver and skeletal muscle and used to form glycogen

52
Q

lipids

A

hydrophobic molecules formed by carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

53
Q

saturated fatty acid

A

carbon connected to at least two hydrogen atoms

54
Q

unsaturated fatty acid

A

one or more double bonds, losing hydrogen atoms

55
Q

triglycerides

A
  • function: energy, insulation, flexibility
  • structure: glycerol and three fatty acid chains (sat. or unsat.)
  • example: butter and cheese
56
Q

phospholipids

A
  • function: make up cell membrane
  • hydrophilic head: phosphate and glycerol
  • hydrophobic tail: two fatty acid chains
57
Q

steroids

A
  • structure: four interlocking carbon rings
  • function: gives cell membrane flexibility
  • is precursor to Vitamin D
  • high cholesterol —- heart disease
58
Q

proteins

A
  • composed of amino acid chains
  • 20% of body mass
  • structure: alpha carbon, carboxylic acid group, R group
59
Q

essential amino acids

A

cannot be synthesized

60
Q

non-essential amino acids

A

can be synthesized

61
Q

protein structures

A
  • primary: chain of amino acids
  • secondary: alpha helix or beta pleated sheet
  • tertiary: 3D shape depending on R group
  • quaternary: several folded chains together
62
Q

nucleic acids are composed of

A

nucleotides

63
Q

nucleotide structure

A

phosphate group, nitrogenous base, pentose sugar

64
Q

DNA base bonds

A

adenine & thymine

guanine & cytosine

65
Q

in RNA, thymine is replaced with ____

A

uracil

66
Q

ATP structure

A

ribose, adenine, 3 phosphate groups

67
Q

ATP function

A

energy

68
Q
A

BSC2085 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions