Module 10

Question 1

Primary appraisal

Answer 1

looks at the stressor to see what damage it can cause

Question 2

Secondary appraisal

Answer 2

looks at ways to handle the stressor (minimize symptoms)

Question 3

Eustress

Answer 3

a good kind of stress

Question 4

General adaptation syndrome

Answer 4

Hans Selye; the body’s nonspecific physiological response to stress; three stages: alarm reaction, stage of resistance, and stage of exhaustion

Question 5

Alarm reaction

Answer 5

describes the body’s immediate reaction upon facing a threatening situation or emergency

Question 6

Stage of resistance

Answer 6

the initial shock of alarm reaction has worn off and the body has adapted to the stressor

Question 7

Stage of exhaustion

Answer 7

the person is no longer able to adapt to the stressor: the body’s ability to resist becomes depleted

Question 8

Cortisol

Answer 8

commonly known as a stress hormone

Question 9

Job burnout

Answer 9

3 dimensions: exhaustion, depersonalization, diminished personal accomplishment

Question 10

Psychophysiological disorders

Answer 10

physical disorders or diseases whose symptoms are brought about or worsened by stress and emotional factors

Question 11

Psychoneuroimmunology

Answer 11

studies how psychological factors such as stress influence the immune system and immune functioning

Question 12

Lymphocytes

Answer 12

white blood cells that circulate in the body’s fluids that are important in the immune response

Question 13

Hypertension

Answer 13

high blood pressure

Question 14

Lazarus and Folkman’s 2 kinds of coping

Answer 14

problem-focused and emotion-focused

Question 15

Problem-focused coping

Answer 15

one attempts to manage or alter the problem that is causing one to experience stress

Question 16

Emotion-focused coping

Answer 16

consists of efforts to change or reduce the negative emotions associated with stress

Question 17

Biofeedback

Answer 17

Gary Schwartz; uses electronic equipment to accurately measure a person’s neuromuscular and autonomic activity

Question 18

3 elements of happiness

Answer 18

pleasant life, good life, meaningful life

Question 19

Pleasant life

Answer 19

realized through the attainment of day-to-day pleasures that add fun, joy, and excitement to our lives

Question 20

Good life

Answer 20

achieved through identifying our unique skills and abilities and engaging these talents to enrich our lives

Question 21

Meaningful life

Answer 21

involves a deep sense of fulfillment that comes from using our talents in the service of the greater good

Question 22

Positive affect

Answer 22

pleasurable engagement with the environment, such as happiness, joy, enthusiasm, alertness, and excitement

Question 23

Psychopathology

Answer 23

the study of psychological disorders, including their symptoms, etiology, and treatment

Question 24

Etiology

Answer 24

causes of a psychological disorder

Question 25

Diathesis-stress model

Answer 25

integrates biological and psychosocial factors to predict the likelihood of a disorder

Question 26

3 major learning pathways of phobias according to Rachman

Answer 26

classical conditioning, vicarious learning (modeling), verbal transmission

Question 27

Locus coeruleus

Answer 27

the brain’s major source of norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter that triggers the body’s fight-or-flight response

Question 28

Persistent depressive disorder

Answer 28

previously known as dysthymia; chronically sad and melancholy, but do not meet all the criteria for major depression

Question 29

Flight of ideas

Answer 29

abruptly switching from one topic to another

Question 30

Rumination

Answer 30

the repetitive and passive focus on the fact that one is depressed and dwelling on depressed symptoms

Question 31

Schizophrenia

Answer 31

major disturbances in thought, perception, emotion, and behavior to the point where they are not able to function normally in life

Question 32

Catatonic behaviors

Answer 32

show decreased reactivity to the environment, such as posturing, in which the person maintains a rigid and bizarre posture for long periods of time

Question 33

Dopamine hypothesis

Answer 33

proposed that an overabundance of dopamine or too many dopamine receptors are responsible for the onset and maintenance of schizophrenia

Question 34

Ventricles

Answer 34

people with schizophrenia have enlarged ventricles

Question 35

Dissociative amnesia

Answer 35

unable to recall important personal information, usually following an extremely stressful or traumatic experience

Question 36

Dissociative fugue

Answer 36

sometimes caused by dissociative amnesia; they suddenly wander away from their home, experience confusion about their identity, and sometimes even adopt a new identity

Question 37

Dissociative identity disorder

Answer 37

formerly called multiple personality disorder; exhibit two or more separate personalities or identities, each well-defined and distinct from one another; Sybil book and movie about person with 16 personalities

Question 38

Cluster A personality disorders

Answer 38

a personality style that is odd or eccentric paranoid personality disorder, schizoid personality disorder, and schizotypal personality disorder

Question 39

Cluster B personality disorders

Answer 39

impulsive, overly dramatic, highly emotional, and erratic antisocial personality disorder, histrionic personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, and borderline personality disorder

Question 40

Cluster C personality disorders

Answer 40

appear to be nervous and fearful avoidant personality disorder, dependent personality disorder, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (which is not the same thing as obsessive-compulsive disorder)

Question 41

Schizoid (A)

Answer 41

lacks interest and desire to form relationships with others; aloof and shows emotional coldness and detachment

Question 42

Schizotypal (A)

Answer 42

exhibits eccentricities in thought, perception, emotion, speech, and behavior; shows suspiciousness or paranoia

Question 43

Histrionic (B)

Answer 43

excessively overdramatic, emotional, and theatrical

Question 44

Neurodevelopmental disorders

Answer 44

developmental problems in personal, social, academic, and intellectual functioning