module 10

Question 1

does sympathetic nervous system have long or short pre ganglionic axon

Answer 1

SHORT pre ganglionic axon

Question 2

does parasympathetic nervous system have long or short pre ganglionic axon

Answer 2

LONG pre ganglionic axon

Question 3

location of cell bodies of preganglionic parasympathetic neurons

Answer 3

gray matter of brainstem, sacral region of spinal cord (s2-s4)

Question 4

SYMPATHETIC: cells of adrenal medulla release what neurotransmitters into surrounding capillaries?

Answer 4

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 5

somatic number of motor neurons in the pathway

Answer 5

1

Question 6

autonomic number of motor neurons in the pathway

Answer 6

2

Question 7

does somatic have a ganglia?

Answer 7

no

Question 8

does autonomic have a ganglia?

Answer 8

yes

Question 9

somatic: where does the lower motor neuron originate?

Answer 9

ventral horn of spinal cord

Question 10

autonomic: where does the motor neuron originate?

Answer 10

lateral horn of spinal cord

Question 11

how much myelination in the autonomic NS?

Answer 11

little/none

Question 12

myelination in somatic?

Answer 12

a lot, fast conduction

Question 13

thoracolumbar division (from first two lumbar levels and thoracic of spinal cord)

Answer 13

sympathetic division

Question 14

craniosacral division (from brainstem and sacral levels)

Answer 14

parasympathetic

Question 15

dual innervation

Answer 15

they receive innervation from both the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions

Question 16

Terminal ganglia (parasympathetic)

Answer 16

are located near the target organ

Question 17

intramural ganglia (parasympathetic)

Answer 17

located within the wall of the target organ

Question 18

why does the parasympathetic division have a very local affect?

Answer 18

because of short post-ganglionic axon

Question 19

plexus

Answer 19

web of intertwining axons and nerves traveling to their destination. parasympathetic and sympathetic travel in the same plexus, and all autonomic plexuses we will discuss have axons that carry information from both division

Question 20

Parasympathetic division:
Synapse between the preganglionic –> postganglionic

Synapse between the postganglionic –> effector

Answer 20

Acetylcholine, Acetylcholine

Question 21

Sympathetic division:
Synapse of preganglionic –> postganglionic

Synapse of
postganglionic –> effector

Answer 21

Acetylcholine,

Norepinephrine

Question 22

how many cranial nerves in which parasympathetic fibers originate

Answer 22

4
(we only talk about 1, the vagus nerve)

Question 23

parasympathetic: vagus nerve

Answer 23

carries parasympathetic innervation to the thoracic organs and most of the abdominal organs. Fibers branch along its path to join several different plexuses that travel to specific organs

Question 24

parasympathetic: pelvic splanchnic nerves

Answer 24

originating from the sacral region

Question 25

the plexuses of the vagus nerve

Answer 25

thorax: esophageal, cardiac, pulmonary abdomen: celiac (foregut), superior mesenteric (midgut)

Question 26

the plexuses of the pelvic splanchnic nerves

Answer 26

inferior mesenteric (hindgut) and hypogastric (pelvic, reproductive organs)

Question 27

majority of ganglia of the sympathetic system belong to a network?

Answer 27

sympathetic chain ganglia

Question 28

superior, middle, and inferior cervical ganglia

Answer 28

sympathetic chain ganglia extend upwards past the T1 level

Question 29

Prevertebral ganglia

Answer 29

situated anterior to the vertebral column and receive inputs from splanchnic nerves

Question 30

three prevertebral ganglia

Answer 30

celiac ganglion superior mesenteric ganglion inferior mesenteric ganglion.

Question 31

white rami communicantes

Answer 31

contains preganglionic axons, and preganglionic axons are myelinated, white-ish appearance cuz of myelin travels away from spinal nerve

Question 32

gray rami communicantes

Answer 32

second communication route from the sympathetic chain to the spinal nerve, but in this case it is composed of postganglionic axons, which are unmyelinated travels towards spinal nerve

Question 33

four sympathetic pathways

Answer 33

Spinal nerve pathway, Postganglionic sympathetic pathway, Splanchnic nerve pathway, Adrenal medulla pathway

Question 34

Spinal nerve pathway

Answer 34

- only one with gray rami communicates - uses spinal nerve to target in the skin - hair to “stand up,” sweat glands to increase sweating, vasodilation

Question 35

Postganglionic sympathetic pathway

Answer 35

T1-T5 fibers ascend to the middle and inferior cervical ganglia where they synapse. exit sympathetic chain and go to: esophageal plexus cardiac plexus pulmonary plexus

Question 36

Splanchnic nerve pathway

Answer 36

T5-L2 leave sympathetic chain in splanchnic nerves that travel to prevertebral ganglia: greater splanchnic nerve (T5-T9) celiac ganglion. join the celiac plexus (foregut) lesser splanchnic nerve (T10-T11) superior mesenteric ganglion. Postganglionic fibers join the superior mesenteric plexus (midgut) least splanchnic nerve (T12) sends fibers either to the superior mesenteric ganglion or the inferior mesenteric ganglion. lumbar splanchnic nerves (L1-L2) travel to the inferior mesenteric ganglion. Postganglionic fibers join the inferior mesenteric plexus (hindgut) Sacral splanchnic nerves emerge from the sacral extension of the sympathetic chain. Unlike the other splanchnic nerves, they have their synapse in the sacral sympathetic chain ganglia, and the splanchnic nerves that emerge are postganglionic. They join the hypogastric plexus (pelvic organs)

Question 37

Adrenal medulla pathway

Answer 37

- no ganglion - adrenal gland, travel to inner part which is adrenal medulla - releases the hormone norepinephrin into blood

Question 38

adrenal medulla

Answer 38

-highest rates of blood flow in the body -neuroendocrine tissue that secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine in response to sympathetic stimulation.

Question 39

is visceral sensory information conscious or unconscious

Answer 39

unconscious

Question 40

referred pain

Answer 40

visceral sensory fibers enter at the same level of the spinal cord as the somatosensory fibers of the referred pain location. brain misinterprets

Question 41

hindgut

Answer 41

transverse colon --> recum celiac !

Question 42

midgut

Answer 42

duodenum --> transverse colon superior mesenteric !

Question 43

foregut

Answer 43

lower esophagus --> duodenum inferior mesenteric !