module 10 Flashcards
(12 cards)
OCD related disorders
- hoarding
- skin picking
- hair pulling
- BDD
DSM 5 BDD
- Preoccupation with one or more perceived defects or flaws in physical appearance that are not observable or appear slight to others.
- Repetitive behaviors (e.g., mirror checking) or mental acts (e.g., comparing his or
her appearance with that of others) in response to the appearance concerns. - The preoccupation causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social,
occupational or other areas of functioning. - The appearance preoccupation is not better explained by concerns with body fat
or weight in an individual whose symptoms meet diagnostic criteria for an eating
disorder. - Specifier: Muscle Dysmorphia (focused on muscles / misuse of steroids) & Insight (80% have poor insight / absent into their illness)
similarities bdd and ocd
Obsessions and compulsions. Gender ratio and comorbidities with depression and anxiety. Chronic illness course and attentional biases. Shared genetics
differences ocd and bdd
BDD patients have absent insight compared to OCD. BDD have more often SUD, increases suicidality, worsening of symptoms, higher rates of emotional and sexual abuse than OCD
similarities bdd en an
Body image disturbance, perfectionism and deficits in body size estimation, negative emotions, worrying, abnormalities in visuospatial processing and reward processing
differences bdd en an
BDD can be about any body part (face), BDD is more hopelessnesss, psychosocial impairment, family burden, higher delusionality and poorer QoL. AN lower self-esteem and increases levels of MDD. Increased insula-orbitofrontal cortex (anxiety / decision making) in AN. Increased occipital cortex in BDD.
- Visual information processing BDD
BDD patients are more focused on details. Overactivity in VSS (detail processing) compared to DVS (global processing)
Psychological factors BDD
- Biases in selective attention
- Distorted cognition
- Memory deficits
CBT components in BDD:
- Psychoeducation
- Goal setting
- ERP (exposure and response prevention)
- Evaluating thoughs
- Mirror retraining
- Attention retraining
- Habit reversal therapy
- MI
Dysfunctional assumptions + how they can be challenged
- automatic thoughts
- basal assumption
- conditional assumption
- instrumental assumption
challenged via functional analysis, g-scheme or behavioural experiences
List and describe evidence-based treatments for BDD, both behavioral and pharmacological, and explain with which mechanisms in BDD they intervene
mirror retraining: visuo-spatial processing. stop compulsive behaviour by looking at objective and general self, without looking in detail
ERP: break old habits through extinction, reduces compulsive behaviour
SSRI’s: increase serotonin, which decreases activity in hyperactivity CTCS circuit, which reduces compulsions, intrusive thoughts etc
prevalence BDD
2%
more women
cosmetic setting 20%
