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MBIO 383 > Module 11 > Flashcards

Module 11 Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

What group do Entamoeba species belong to?

A

Sarcodina

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2
Q

How do Entamoeba move and reproduce?

A

Pseudopodia

Binary fission

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3
Q

What are the two species of Entamoeba?

A

coli

histolytica

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4
Q

What is the pathogenicity of Entamoeba?

A

E. coli- commensal

E. histolytica- amoebic dysentery, cysts release trophozoites which produce local necrosis, diarrhea, abscesses

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5
Q

What are the characteristics of E. histolytica?

A

Trophs- 12-60um, feed on RBCs, central karyosome, delicate chromatin ring

Cysts- 10-20um, four nuclei, 1-2 chromatoidal bars with rounded ends

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of E. coli?

A

Trophs- nondirectional movement, feed on bacteria and yeast, eccentric nucleus, irregular chromatin masses

Cysts- 10-35um, eight nuclei, 0-2 chromatoidal bars with frayed ends

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7
Q

What group does Giardia lamblia belongs to?

A

Flagellate

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8
Q

What disease does Giardia cause? What are the characteristics?

A

Beaver feaver, spread by cysts

Digestion removes wall, trophs released

Attach to epithelium

Cysts form when dehydrated in large intestine

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9
Q

What are chronic Giardia infections associated with?

A

IgA deficiencies

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10
Q

How is water contaminated with Giardia treated?

A

Sedimentation

Filtration

Boiling

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11
Q

What is the treatment for Giardia?

A

Metronidazole (flagyl)

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12
Q

How is Giardia diagnosed?

A

Cysts or trophs in stool

Enterotest (swallow string)

EIA

DFA

Molecular techniques

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of Giardia trophs?

A

Fours pairs of flagella

Two nuclei

Large central sucking disc

Two median bodies

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of Giardia cysts?

A

Football shape

Four nuclei

Granular contents

Longitudinal fibrils

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15
Q

What groups does Trichomonas vaginalis belong to?

A

Flagellate

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16
Q

What does Trichomonas infect and what stages does it have?

A

Urogenital tract

Troph stage only

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17
Q

What are the characteristics of Trichomonas?

A

Four anterior flagella

One nucleus

Undulating membrane

Axostyle

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18
Q

How is Trichomonas diagnosed?

A

Simple wet mount (movement)

Artificial culture media

DFA

Dipstick

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19
Q

What group does Cryptosporidium belong to?

A

Coccidia

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20
Q

What are the stages of Cryptosporidium?

Study These Flashcards
A

Sexual/gametogony

Asexual/schizogony

21
Q

What is the life cycle of Cryptosporidium?

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A

Oocyte is ingested and attaches to microvilli in the small intestine

Sporozoites (4) break out and multiply asexually, destroying microvilli

Mature sexually and produce fertilized oocytes

Excreted in feces

22
Q

How is Cryptosporidium diagnosed?

Study These Flashcards
A

Oocytes in stool (concentration procedure)

Ag ID

Acid fast in slides

Enzyme immunoassay

DFA

23
Q

What kind of worm is Enterobius vermicularis?

Study These Flashcards
A

Pin worm

Most common human worm infection

24
Q

What is the life cycle of Enterobius vermicularis?

Study These Flashcards
A

Ova ingestion

Hatch in intestine, mature in ileocaecum

Attach to mucosa and feed on bacteria and epithelial cells

Gravid female migrates to perianal skin at night

Worm dries and eggs are deposited

25
What type of infection is pin worm usually?
Retro/auto/reinfection
26
How is pin worm diagnosed?
Scotch tape prep Pin worm paddle
27
What are the characteristics of pin worms?
Adult- 0.5-1cm, male has curled tail Ova- flattened on one side, purplish tinge
28
What type of worm is Trichuris trichiura?
Whip worm
29
Where does Trichuris trichiura occur?
Tropics and subtropics
30
What is the life cycle of Trichuris trichiura?
Ova ingestion Larvae mature in crypts of small intestine (10 days) Migrate and mature in caecum (3 months) Neck is buried in mucosa Eggs released, infective 3 weeks after feces deposition
31
What are the characteristics of Trichuris trichiura?
Adult- 4cm Ova- in wet fecal mounds and fecal concentrations, barrel shaped, polar plugs
32
What is one of the largest nematode parasites?
Ascaris lumbricoides
33
What is the life cycle of Ascaris lumbricoides?
Adult is free in small intestine lumen Eggs passed in feces Larvae are ingested and hatch in small intestine Enter circulation Carried to lungs, mature, move up and are swallowed at the pharynx Develop in intestine
34
What can cause abnormal Ascaris activity?
Certain drugs Large female to male ratio Heavy worm burden
35
What is the diagnosis for Ascaris lumbricoides?
Size and shape Ova in stool
36
What are the characteristics of Ascaris lumbricoides?
Adult- 25-30cm, trilobed lips Ova- thick walled, warty, albuminous coat (unfertilized is refractile and globular, fertilized is smoother)
37
What group do tape worms belong to?
Cestode
38
What are the components of tape worms?
Scolex- anterior attachment Proglottids- gravid are towards the end and filled with fertilized eggs
39
How do tape worms reproduce?
Fertilization mostly occurs within a proglottid Life cycle involves more than one host
40
What types of tape worms are there?
Pork- Taenia solium Beef- Taenia saginata Fish- Diphyllobothrium tatum
41
What is the life cycle of Taenia?
Pig ingests ova Larvae burrow through intestinal wall, picked up by blood and lymphatics Settle in muscle, cysticerus develops Man ingests improperly cooked meat with cysticerus Becomes adult in intestine Attaches and absorbs nutrients Gravid proglottids released and passed in feces Man can be intermediate host
42
What are the characteristics of Taenia solium?
Hooks and four suckers 5-13 coarse uterine branches per proglottid Ova- spherical with thick striated wall
43
What are the characteristics of Taenia saginata?
Cattle is always intermediate host Four suckers with no hooks 15-30 fine uterine branches per proglottid Ova- spherical with thick striated wall
44
What is the life cycle of Diphyllobothrium tatum?
At least two intermediate hosts Ova released in water (coracidium) Ingested by crustacean, ingested by fish, etc Man infected by eating improperly cooked fish Adult develops in intestine and liberates eggs
45
What are the characteristics of Diphyllobothrium tatum?
Scolex- 1-4mm with two bothria/grooves Rosette shaped uterus Ova- thin walled, operculated
46
What group does Dientamoeba fragilis belong to?
Flagellates
47
What are the characteristics of Dientamoeba fragilis?
Amoeboid appearance 60% are binucleate Fragmented nuclei Troph stage only
48
What are Charcot Leyden crystals?
Breakdown products of eosinophils

MBIO 383 (7 decks)

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