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DC Psychology > Module 12 > Flashcards

Module 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Social psychology

A

the study of the influence of social situations on the individual - and the influence of the individual on social situations

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2
Q

Self

A

each person’s awareness of, and ideas about their own individual nature, characteristics and existence

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3
Q

the self serving bias

A

tendency to make various sorts of judgment errors - always in your own favor

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4
Q

Self serving bias basic type 1)

A

Overestimating your own contributions.

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5
Q

Self serving bias basic type 2)

A

Overestimating your positive attributes relative to others - seeing yourself as “better than average.”

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6
Q

Self serving bias basic type 3)

A

attributing your successes and good deeds to your own efforts or characteristics, and your bad deeds and failures to circumstances, bad luck, or other people.

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7
Q

confirmation bias

A

the tendency to search for; interpret, favor, and recall

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8
Q

Cognitive dissonance

A

The anxiety or tension that arises when people behave in ways that run contrary to their attitudes.

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9
Q

Self-regulation

A

all of the ways that the self monitors and exerts control over its responses so as to accomplish goals and live up to personal standards.

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10
Q

False hope syndrome

A

repeated failure in self-improvement attempts brought on by unrealistic ideas about the speed or ease with which self-change will occur, the amount of change that is likely or even possible, and the rewards that will accrue from self-improvement changes.

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11
Q

Social comparison theory

A

explores the ways in which people make social comparisons, their reasons for doing so, and the consequences of comparison judgments.

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12
Q

Upward Comparisons

A

Making comparisons to someone you judge to be better than you.

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13
Q

Downward Comparisons

A

Making comparisons to someone you judge as not as good as you.

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14
Q

Lateral Comparisons

A

Making comparisons to someone you consider more or less equal to you.

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15
Q

Social roles

A

a pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group

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16
Q

Scripts

A

a person’s knowledge about the sequence of events expected in a specific setting

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17
Q

Impression Management

A

Refers to the sum total of actions we take — both consciously and unconsciously — to influence how others perceive us.

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18
Q

Spotlight Effect

A

When individuals think they are receiving more attention than they actually are.

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19
Q

Attribution

A

the process of explaining behavior - ours and someone else’s - in terms of causes that refer to characteristics of the person (dispositional cause), the situation (situational cause), or an interaction between the two.

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20
Q

Dispositional

A

Behavior is caused by the internal characteristics of the individual.

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21
Q

Situational

A

Behavior and actions are determined by our immediate environment and surroundings.

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22
Q

Intentional

A

The individual has chosen to behave a certain way

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23
Q

Unintentional

A

The individual’s behavior was unintended or not under their control.

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24
Q

Fundamental Attribution Error (FAE)

A

the tendency to attribute other people’s behavior to those individuals’ dispositions and other internal factors, while ignoring or underestimating the possibility that situation factors may have played an important or determining role.

25
Q

Actor-observer bias

A

a systematic bias toward attributing your own behavior primarily to situational factors, but others’ behavior to dispositional factors.

26
Q

Just-world hypothesis

A

the tendency to make attributions based on the belief that the world is fundamentally just.

27
Q

False-consensus effect

A

when we see our own behavioral choices and judgments as common and appropriate to existing circumstances while viewing alternative responses as uncommon, deviant, or inappropriate.

28
Q

Social schemas

A

general knowledge about how people behave in certain social situations.

29
Q

Social facilitation

A

the improvement of an individual’s performance of a task when others are present.

30
Q

Social inhibition

A

the restraint placed on an individual’s expression of feelings, attitudes, motives, by the belief that others could learn of this behavior and disapprove of it.

31
Q

Social loafing

A

people are prone to exert less effort when working collectively as part of a group compared to working alone

32
Q

Bystander effect

A

the tendency for a person to be less likely to intervene and offer help to a stranger in an emergency situation when there are other people there who might reasonably be thought able to help.

33
Q

Deindividuation

A

giving up normal behavioral restraints to the group.

34
Q

Groupthink

A

a mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for unanimity in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternative courses of action.

35
Q

Minority influence

A

occurs when a confident and persistent minority group influences a decision made by a whole group.

36
Q

Group polarization

A

the tendency for members of a group discussing an issue to move toward a more extreme version of the positions they held before the discussion began.

37
Q

Cooperation

A

people working together to reach a goal.

38
Q

Competition

A

working toward a goal while denying access to that goal to others.

39
Q

Interpersonal conflict

A

person believes that another stands in the way of something of value.

40
Q

Attitude

A

a set of emotions, beliefs, and behaviors towards a particular object, person, thing, or event

41
Q

Components of attitude

A

Affective, Behavioral, and Cognitive

42
Q

Affective

A

emotional component

43
Q

Behavioral

A

action component

44
Q

Cognitive

A

belief component

45
Q

Persuasion

A

process by which a person’s attitudes or behavior are, without duress, influenced by communications from other people.

46
Q

Conformity

A

the tendency of people to bring their behavior, attitudes, and/or beliefs in line with group norms and pressures.

47
Q

Social Norms

A

the unwritten rules of beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors that are considered acceptable in a particular social group or culture.

48
Q

Asch Effect

A

the influence of the group majority on an individual’s judgment

49
Q

Compliance

A

refers to changing one’s behavior due to the request or direction of another person

50
Q

Foot-in-the-door effect

A

is when you start with a small request and build up to a larger request.

51
Q

Door-in-the-face effect

A

someone starts with a large request that the other person would turn down, and then asking a more reasonable request that the person would accept.

52
Q

Free gift technique

A

giving someone a small free gift to increase the possibility of agreement with a later request.

53
Q

Scarcity technique

A

increasing the attractiveness of a product by making the product appear limited or rare.

54
Q

Cults

A

A cult is a rigid group with a charismatic leader.

55
Q

Propaganda

A

a persuasive attempt that is purposefully biased, motivated by a specific idea or ideology.

56
Q

Stereotype

A

a specific belief or assumption about individuals based solely on their membership in a group, regardless of their individual characteristics

57
Q

Prejudice

A

a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group.

58
Q

Discrimination

A

an action or behavior that is directed towards members of certain groups, and is used to refer to a person or people behaving differently (most commonly, unfairly and humiliating) toward others based solely on their membership of a specific social group.

DC Psychology (11 decks)

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