Module 12: Personality

Question 1

16PF

Answer 1

Trait-based personality measure that was developed from a list of personality traits - final measure of 16PF is composed of items measuring 16 different personality characteristics/traits

Question 2

actual self

Answer 2

Rogers; form of self that a person is currently at

Question 3

archetypes

Answer 3

all universal knowledge is stored in a collective unconscious by a variety of thought patterns and behaviour rituals that persist over time

Question 4

Who created archetypes & what are they

Answer 4

Jung - persona, shadow, self

Question 5

The persona

Answer 5

patterns of behaviour used in social settings

Question 6

the shadow

Answer 6

Darker, more primitive side to personality

Question 7

the self

Answer 7

Considered most important because it unites all aspects of one’s personality

Question 8

basic anxiety

Answer 8

Horney - those who don’t feel love, feel unsafe and feel powerless in their relationships develop feelings of anxiety

Question 9

basic hostility

Answer 9

Horney - people feel anger and hostility when in insecure relationships especially when one puts no effort to create safety

Question 10

behavioural observation

Answer 10

recording behaviours as they occur while remaining as unobtrusive as possible

Question 11

biological perspective

Answer 11

perspective on personality that assumes it’s based on biological factors, such as behavioural genetics, the neurological perspective and an evolutionary perspective

Question 12

collective unconscious

Answer 12

Jung - the unconscious mind is interconnected with the experience of past generations of different people throughout the world

Question 13

example of collective unconscious

Answer 13

Jung pointed to the universal knowledge and tendencies that people share and shared concepts that he identified as archetypes

Question 14

concordance rate

Answer 14

the degree in which a characteristic, trait or disease that occurs in one twin similarity occurs in the second

Question 15

conditional postive regard

Answer 15

when love and acceptance of a person is contingent upon their actions and behaviours

Question 16

conscious mind

Answer 16

All mental activities that a person is aware of and able to freely access

Question 17

consistency

Answer 17

how an individual behaves over time in similar situations

Question 18

defence mechanisms

Answer 18

ways to avert the expression of ID impulses without conscious awareness

Question 19

delay of gratification

Answer 19

the ability to resist the temptation for something desirable that is immediately available in favour fore waiting for something more desirable that also requires time to achieve

Question 20

dizygotic twins

Answer 20

fraternal twins

Question 21

ego

Answer 21

the component of personality that mediates between the ID and superego and ultimately decides the course of action

Question 22

electrophysiological measures

Answer 22

inferences about personality that are linked to bodily processes, such as heart rate, skin conduction, respiration

Question 23

erogenous zone

Answer 23

area of the body associated with pleasure

Question 24

eros

Answer 24

unconscious sexual impulses

Question 25

extraversion

Answer 25

extraverts tend to be socially oriented, outgoing, adventure-seeking, optimistic and easygoing

Question 26

five-factor model (big 5)

Answer 26

a measure that identified 5 distinct components of personality - consists of openness, conscientiousness, extraversion/sociable, agreeableness and neuroticism