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S22 - PSY1102 > Module 10: intelligence > Flashcards

Module 10: intelligence Flashcards

1
Q

Active open-mindedness

A

thinking disposition where one sensitizes oneself to look for and be aware of bias in their thinking and reasoning - cultivating habits of counteracting those bias’s

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2
Q

Adaptation

A

Binet and Simon - one of three basic abilities of intelligence - the ability to creates solutions for issues and monitoring the progress of the solutions

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3
Q

analytic intelligence

A

Sternberg - intelligence used for standard IQ tests like mathematical reasoning

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4
Q

choice reaction time

A

Jensen - method of measuring intelligence by indirectly measuring nerve conductance speed by directly measuring process speed

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5
Q

chronological age

A

number of years someone has been alive since birth

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6
Q

cognitive flexibility

A

involves the ability to break down and out of a standard or automatic behaviour - how one formulates a problem and redirects one’s attention accordingly

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7
Q

cognitive revolution

A

during 1950’s - field of psychology underwent a significant construction of it’s definition as a field, methods & practices due to Chomsky and Bruner

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8
Q

During the cognitive revolution, what did psychologist come to emphasize?

A

the meaning of stimulus and the internal processing of that meaning, in order to explain behaviour

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9
Q

componential analysis

A

studying intelligence by determining how complex problems are solved by breaking the complex problem into smaller and simpler problems

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10
Q

creative intelligence

A

Sternberg - phrase for the ability to solve problems in novel situations often by demonstrating cognitive flexibility

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11
Q

criticism

A

Binet & Simon - ability to reflect on your own problem-solving behaviour and find errors and mistakes

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12
Q

crystallized intelligence

A

ability to solve problems and reason about the situations because of past knowledge

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13
Q

example of crystallized intelligence

A

ability to read due to knowledge of literacy

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14
Q

deviation IQ

A

Weschler -

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15
Q

direction

A

Binet and Simon - the ability to know what to do and how to do it

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16
Q

three basic abilities of intelligence

A

direction, criticism, adaptation

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17
Q

domain-general

A

process or function is when it can be reliably and effective applied in a variety of domains

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18
Q

domain-specific

A

process or function is when it is limited in the number or types of domains it can applied to successfully

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19
Q

eduction - general definition

A

process of drawing out or extracting

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20
Q

eduction - definition related to intelligence

A

spearman - used it to refer to the ability to make explicit what is explicit and elucidate what was previously unclear

21
Q

encoding of information

A

how information is represented so that it can be processed by the functions found within an information processing system

22
Q

eugenics

A

philosophical argument that keeps to improve human society by encouraging reproduction by people with ‘desirable’ qualities and discouraging reproduction by people with ‘undesirable’ qualities

23
Q

positive eugenics

A

encouraging reproduction by people with ‘desirable’ qualities

24
Q

negative eugenics

A

discouraging reproduction by people with ‘undesirable’ traits

25
Q

fluid intelligence

A

Your ability to think and solve problems in complex and novel situations in a flexible manner without relying primarily on knowledge you already possess

26
Q

Flynn effect

A

Flynn - on average IQ scores were rising even on tests which are supposed to be immune to cultural influences

27
Q

Why is the Flynn effect controversial?

A

Implies that on average most people several generations back were quite unintelligent

28
Q

inspection time

A

Nettelbeck and Lalley - for measuring intelligence by measuring the processing speed of human beings

29
Q

intelligence

A

the capacity to be a general problem solve and solve a wide variety of problems in a wide range of domains through pattern recognition, analogous transfer and reasoning

30
Q

IQ

A

intelligence quotient - standardized measure of ones intelligence

31
Q

who developed IQ testing?

A

Terman

32
Q

how is IQ calculated

A

ones mental age divided by ones chronological age multiples by 100

33
Q

mental age

A

Binet and Simon - ones mental age indicates the average age of children who can solve the set of problems that a particular child is capable of solving

34
Q

mindfulness

A

paying attention to how one is paying attention to and therefore interpreting a situation

35
Q

mindset

A

mental structure of representations, attitudes and interpretations that affects how one evaluates information and thereby responds to situations

36
Q

Multiple intelligences

A

Gardner - theory that there are many intelligences that apply to specific domains of human behaviour - this is reflected in those domains for which we can find prodigies

37
Q

Practical intelligence

A

Sternberg - phrase for ones ability to solve problems in real-world situations

38
Q

rationality

A

the ability to overcome self-deception in ones reasoning and problem-solving - being able to recognize and counteract the effect of bias on one’s cognition

39
Q

reverse engineering

A

methodological strategy in cognitive science that integrates psychology and computer science to explain human behaviour

40
Q

How does reverse engineering work?

A

creating a computer system that is capable of reproducing a particular pattern of behaviour found in humans - then use the functions and processes within the program as a hypothesis to explain human behaviour

41
Q

selection effects

A

the skewing of data so that it does not represent the world accurately - often due to biased selection of data

42
Q

self-enhancement bias

A

the tendency to judge one’s performance as better than the average without any evidence of special expertise or training

43
Q

social Darwinism

A

misapplication of Darwin’s theory of biological evolution to the supposed explanation of the evolution of culture

44
Q

What is wrong with social darwinism

A

it is a confusion of moral arguments with the scientific explanation that was meant to be used with eugenics

45
Q

stereotype threat

A

refers to the risk of confirming negative expectations about ones own social group

46
Q

successful intelligence

A

Sternberg - phrase for optimal coordination of analytic, creative and practical intelligence needed in order to achieve

47
Q

wisdom paradox

A

Goldberg’s name for the fact that we seem to get wiser as we age even though our intelligence goes down with age

48
Q

causes of wisdom paradox

A

the fact that intelligence is a fixed trait while rationality and skills are abilities & abilities can be increased with training

S22 - PSY1102 (4 decks)

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