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S22 - PSY1102 > Module 14 + 15 - Psychological Disorders & Treatment > Flashcards

Module 14 + 15 - Psychological Disorders & Treatment Flashcards

1
Q

addiction

A

disorder of the brains reward system that’s described by compulsive and repetitive engagement of dangerous actives that only give immediate-reward (aka high) without any disregard of long-term consequences

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2
Q

case formulation

A

explanation of an individuals mental disorder that is explained by history, relationship status, physical health and cultural background

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3
Q

clinical judgement

A

mental health professionals’ use of past professional experiences to inform clinical decision making

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4
Q

clinical significance

A

requirement in DSM-5 where the symptoms of the psychological disorder causes impairment or distress to one’s daily function

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5
Q

compulsions

A

recurrent, uncontrollable and intrusive behaviours that an individual feels driven to perform, often in response to an obsession

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6
Q

debilitation condition

A

a disorder that seriously affects an individuals ability to carry one with regular activities in their life

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7
Q

deinstitutionalization

A

a movement to reduce the admissions to psychiatric hospitals, shorten lengths of stays, and improve the treatment patients receive

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8
Q

diagnosis

A

formal identification of a psychological disorder

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9
Q

dissociation

A

mental processes that involve a disruption of an individuals memory, identity, emotion, perception and behaviour

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10
Q

dysphoria

A

a state of unease and dissatisfaction with life

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11
Q

encopresis

A

an elimination disorder diagnosed in children 5+ - marked by a repeated urinagting in inappropriate places

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12
Q

eugenics

A

philosophical argument that only individuals with ‘good genes’ should reproduce to ‘enhance’ the population/society and the ‘bad gene’ individuals to stop reproducing

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13
Q

heterogenous clinical syndrome

A

a psychiatric diagnosis that can be made based on several different symptoms, which may or may not overlap from person to person

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14
Q

impulse-control

A

ability to resist urges, temptations and impulses to engage in behaviours that may be harmful to others or oneself

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15
Q

manifestation

A

the display, show or demonstration of symptoms of a psychological disorder

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16
Q

negative symptoms

A

behaviours that an individual experiencing psychosis does not do

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17
Q

obsessions

A

recurrent, uncontrollable and intrusive thoughts, fears, urges or images

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18
Q

first-person language

A

the practice of referring to an individual first then their disability

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19
Q

picky eating

A

a behaviour in which individuals refuse to eat specific food due to colour, smell or texture

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20
Q

positive symptoms

A

behaviours that were not present before the onset of a psychotic disorder

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21
Q

prevalence rate

A

an indication of how widespread a psychological disorder is within a specific population

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22
Q

sexual orientation

A

during pattern of romantic/sexual attraction to others that begins in early adolescence

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23
Q

social withdrawal

A

avoidance of people or activities that were once enjoyable

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24
Q

societal pressures

A

social expectations that influence how individuals behave and respond to their environment

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25
Q

somatic

A

refers to something that is specifically relation to the body, not mind

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26
Q

spectrum

A

a continuum used to classify the level of impairment of a psychological disorder

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27
Q

stigma

A

disapproval, poor treatment or discrimination or isolation due to being different

28
Q

suicide

A

the act of intentionally ending ones own life

29
Q

vicarious

A

experienced by washing, listening to or reading about someone else doing something

30
Q

withdrawal

A

symptoms of distress, restlessness and irritability associated with reduction or discontinuation of an addictive substance or behaviour

31
Q

acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)

A

therapy that is meant to change our responses to our thoughts and feelings instead of changing thoughts and feelings generally

32
Q

applied behaviour analysis (ABA)

A

Goal is to reduce inappropriate behaviours and increase effective communication, adaptive learning and appropriate social behaviours

33
Q

atypical antipsychotic

A

group of second generation of antipsychotic drugs used to treat psychotic disorders - both act on the dopamine snd serotonin in the brain

34
Q

barbiturates

A

group of drugs that cause sedation and induce sleep, historically prescribed for anxiety

35
Q

behaviour modification

A

process of changing problematic behaviours

36
Q

benzodiazepines

A

group of drug meant to treat anxiety - known for being fast acting and highly addictive

37
Q

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)

A

model of therapy asserting that thoughts and perception influence feelings and behaviours

38
Q

cognitive distortions

A

patterns of negative automatic thoughts that can become pervasive and contribute to psychological disorders

39
Q

cognitive distortions example

A

all-or-nothing attitude, discounting positive, and catastrophizing

40
Q

cognitive restructuring

A

therapeutic process where a patient learns to identify cognitive distortions, dispute negative thoughts and develop alternative, positive and rational thoughts

41
Q

cognitive therapy

A

form of therapy that treats psychological disorders by teaching thought-management techniques to dispel negative thoughts

42
Q

cognitive triad

A

beck’s cognitive triad represents an individuals belief system about the self, the world and the future that can make them more or less susceptible to depression

43
Q

contingency management

A

form of behaviour modification which includes the use of tangible rewards to reinforce appropriate behaviours

44
Q

couples therapy

A

treatment option that involve couples meeting a therapist to work on their communication & see if their relationship is tangible

45
Q

effectiveness

A

ability for research to produce desired outcome based on research applied in real-world settings and populations

46
Q

efficacy

A

the ability for research to produce desired outcomes based on research protocols that are strictly controlled

47
Q

extinction

A

occurs when a simulus no longer produces a conditioned response

48
Q

extrapyramidal symptom

A

serious side-effects of antipsychotic medications that include physical rigidity and other involuntary body movement

49
Q

family therapy

A

treatment option to address interpersonal difficulties within a family unit

50
Q

fear hierarchy

A

therapeutic chart on which anxiety-provoking stimuli are ranked from 1-100 in order to help the client systematically face the source of fear

51
Q

first-line treatment

A

initial and preferred/nest attempt to treating a psychological disorder

52
Q

flooding

A

therapeutic technique where a client is exposed to an anxiety-provoking stimulus and not allowed to leave until they can relax

53
Q

free association

A

technique of psychoanalysis where a client is encouraged to freely share thoughts, words and anything in ind in order to gain insight of the subconscious thoughts, behaviour and motivation

54
Q

group therapy

A

treatment option where a therapist works with several individuals together

55
Q

humanistic therapy

A

therapeutic model that focuses on the clients individual characteristic with a primary goal of helping them develop a stronger, healthier sense of identity to better understand the meaning of life

56
Q

ideal self

A

self-perception consisting of how we should look based on external influences

57
Q

imaginal exposure

A

therapeutic exercise that involves the client imaging the source of trauma or anxiety in a safe environment - goal is to reduce the distress experienced

58
Q

institutionalization

A

separating individuals with mental illness form the rest of society

59
Q

mood stabilizer

A

medications that treat and prevents mania/depression usually in bipolar

60
Q

non-directive

A

therapeutic style in which the therapist allows the client to lead the session

61
Q

paradoxical effect

A

effect of medications where it causes the opposite reaction as it’s suppose to

62
Q

person-centred therapy

A

therapeutic modality that focuses on the patients own role in their treatment

63
Q

pharmacotherapy

A

involves prescription & management of medications

64
Q

psychopharmacotherapy

A

administration of psychiatric medication to treat mental health disorders

65
Q

pre-frontal lobotomy

A

psychosurgical procedure developed to treat severe psychosis - severing frontal lobe to the rest of the brain

66
Q

psychiatrist

A

medical doctor who assess and treats psychological disorders and prescribes medication

S22 - PSY1102 (4 decks)

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