Module 13: Pharmacogenomics

Question 1

Pharmacogenetics

Answer 1

The study of how a single gene affects an individual’s response to medications

Question 2

Pharmacogenomics

Answer 2

The study of how multiple genes affect on individual’s response to medication

Question 3

Drug Metabolism & Genetics

Answer 3

• Extensive metabolizers (EM) - normal enzymes
• Reduced functioning enzymes - intermediate/poor metabolizers
• Ultra rapid metabolizers (UM) - overacting functioning enzymes

Question 4

Active Drug

Answer 4

• Enters body in active form

- Metabolized to inactive form and excreted

Question 5

Prodrug/Inactive Drug

Answer 5

• Enters body in an inactive form

- Metabolized to create an active form of the drug

Question 6

(T/F) The terms pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics mean exactly the same thing.

Answer 6

False

Question 7

Shelia is given a standard dose of a common pharmacogenetic medication. She under responds and requires a larger dose. What term best describes her response?

Answer 7

Drug Efficacy

Question 8

What is the best reason why a clinician may prescribe a medication to someone that will have a toxic response based on their genetic profile?

Answer 8

The risk of an adverse outcome is less than the potential benefit of the drug

Question 9

What is the most likely outcome for someone that is an ultra metabolizer of a prodrug?

Answer 9

High levels of active drug and risk for toxicity

Question 10

What outcome would be expected if someone is a poor metabolizer of an active drug?

Answer 10

High levels of the active drug in the body and possible toxic side effects

Question 11

What is the primary source of genetic information for the selection of targeted therapies in oncology?

Answer 11

Mutations identified in an individual’s tumor