Module 2: Epigenetic Gene Expression Regulation Flashcards
1
Q
Epigenetics
A
Any factor that can affect gene function without a change in genotype
2
Q
Mechanisms of Epigenetics
A
- Alterations in DNA methylation
- Histone modification
3
Q
DNA Methylation
A
- Addition of a methyl group or “chemical cap” to the DNA molecule
- Used to prevent certain genes from being expressed
4
Q
Histones
A
Proteins that DNA wraps around
5
Q
Histone Modification
A
- Histones squeeze DNA tightly so it can’t be read by the cell
- Histones can also be relaxed to make the DNA accessible to proteins that read genes
6
Q
Imprinting
A
-Differential expression of a gene that depends on the sex of the parent that transmitted the gene
7
Q
What are genes that are transcribed most likely to be located on a chromosome?
A
Light colored bands
8
Q
What mechanism is used for cellular imprinting?
A
Methylation
9
Q
What is the role of normal X-inactivation?
A
To ensure the same amount of active genetic information from the X chromosome in males and females
