Module 2: Genetics Genetics Overview Flashcards
Genetics
The study of genes and their role in inheritance - the way they are passed down from one generation to another
Genomics
- The study of an individual’s genetic material
- The interactions of that genetic material & interactions w/ its environment
- The subsequent phenotypic changes from those interactions
Epigenetics
-The study of changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression rather than alteration of the genetic code itself
Genome
Every base pair (nucleotide)
Exome
- Only the exons
- 2-3% of our DNA
Alleles
A version of a gene
Wild Type Genes
Normal - not mutated
Homozygous
- Both alleles are the same
- Both are either wild type (normal) or mutated
Heterozygous
- Alleles are different
- 1 wild type (normal) & 1 mutated
- If a condition is dominant, the person will have it
DNA Replication
- Process of creating new DNA strands during cell division
- Strand splits and the corresponding bases attach to each side creating another strand
The Central Dogma
-The process of the instructions in DNA converting into the final materials
Transcription
- DNA -> mRNA
- mRNA sequence is exact copy except thymine -> uracil
- Based on what genes are transcribed - those genes will result in specific proteins
Which one of these is translated to proteins?
Exons or introns
- Exons
- Introns - non-coding sequences, they are removed
Ribosomes
- Place where translation happens
- Organize & catalyze translation
- Has a large & a small subunit
Mitosis
- Somatic cell replication
- DNA repair genes regulate DNA errors
- Cell cycle control mediated by specific genes
- *This is especially important in cancer**
