What are hormones?
Chemical messengers secreted into blood or extracellular fluid by one cell that affect the functioning of other cells
A given hormone usually affects only a limited number of cells, which are called
Target cells
What’s the difference between the endocrine system and nervous system in relaying messages?
Endocrine - Employs hormones to relay messages
- Distributes hormones throughout the body via bloodstream
Nervous - Employs neurotransmitters to relay messages
- Secretes neurotransmitters into tiny space of a synapse
Which type of hormones are synthesize from cholesterol? What hormones do they include?
Steroid hormones – include male and female sex hormones as well as aldosterone (secreted by the adrenal cortex)
What type of hormones are synthesized from amino acids?
Non-steroid, or protein-based hormones
Non-steroid hormones can be further divided into what hormones?
Protein hormones (such as insulin) Peptide hormones (such as antidiuretic hormone), or Amino acid derivative hormones (such as epinephrin and norepinephrine)
Which hormones are able to easily pass through the cells membrane?
Steroid hormones
Which steroids must bind to receptors on the cell wall/surface?
Protein-based hormones
What connects the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland?
Infundibulum
The anterior pituitary consist of what type of tissue?
Glandular tissue
How does the CNS control pituitary systems?
Brain constantly monitor his conditions both inside and outside the body. Triggers the release of hormones as needed
What role does negative feedback play in control of pituitary secretions?
When the pituitary stimulates another endocrine gland to secrete it’s hormone, that hormone is then fed back to the pituitary, telling it to stop further release of the tropic hormone
Where is the thymus located?
In the mediastinum, just beneath the sternum
How do calcitonin and parathyroid hormone interact to help the body achieve calcium homeostasis?
Calcitonin (secreted by the thyroid) has antagonistic effects on PTH. The interaction of these two hormones helps the body achieve calcium homeostasis
Your adrenal gland releases what stress hormones?
Cortisol, adrenaline, noradrenaline
Through the enteric nervous system, stress causes
A change in the composition and function of gut bacteria
How does cortisol add to belly fat?
- Increases your appetite
- Causes cravings for carbohydrates
During stress, what can happen to Telomeres, the shoelace tip ends on chromosomes?
They can be shortened
