Module 2

Question 1

This is an important change that happens when a new and different way replaces the usual way of thinking about or doing something.

Answer 1

Paradigm Shift

Question 2

This is the rise of contemporary science during the early modern period. It involved developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology, and chemistry changed how society viewed the natural world.

Answer 2

Intellectual Revolution

Question 3

What fields were prominent in the Copernican revolution.

Answer 3

Astronomy and Cosmology

Question 4

He is a greek philosopher who proposed geocentrism.

Answer 4

Aristotle

Question 5

This is an earth-centered belief.

Answer 5

Geocentrism

Question 6

He is a Greco-Roman mathematician who used measurements using epicycles.

Answer 6

Claudius Ptolemy

Question 7

This is a term for planetary orbits.

Answer 7

Epicycles

Question 8

This is one of the greatest discoveries of the Copernican Revolution.

Answer 8

Geocentric model

Question 9

He is a Greek astronomer and mathematician who postulated heliocentrism.

Answer 9

Aristarchus of Samos

Question 10

This is the sun-centered belief.

Answer 10

Heliocentrism

Question 11

He supported the heliocentric model and wrote “On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres.”

Answer 11

Nicolaus Copernicus

Question 12

Who were the astronomers who supported heliocentrism?

Answer 12

Nicolaus Copernicus
Johannes Kepler
Galileo Galilei
Isaac Newton

Question 13

He was the proponent of Kepler’s Law of Planetary Motion. He proved that planets moved in elliptical orbits around the sun.

Answer 13

Johannes Kepler

Question 14

This is the most precise equipment available.

Answer 14

Tychonic system

Question 15

Who made the typhonic system?

Answer 15

Tycho Brahe

Question 16

Kepler proved that planets moved in ________ around the sun.

Answer 16

elliptical orbits

Question 17

He observed the four moons of Jupiter and provided that celestial bodies did not revolve around the sun.

Answer 17

Galileo Galilei

Question 18

Who wrote the “The Starry Messenger?”

Answer 18

Galileo Galilei

Question 19

Who wrote the “On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres?”

Answer 19

Nicolaus Copernicus

Question 20

He brought the triumph of heliocentrism by using gravity to explain the movement of the planets around the sun.

Answer 20

Isaac Newton

Question 21

What were the relevant paradigm shifts?

Answer 21

Copernican Revolution
Darwinian Revolution
Freudian Revolution
Baconian Revolution

Question 22

This paradigm shift was initiated by Charles Darwin.

Answer 22

Darwinian Revolution

Question 23

He was an English naturalist obsessed in nature. He proposed organismal adaptation and evolution was through the process of natural selection.

Answer 23

Charles Darwin

Question 24

Who wrote the book “The origin of species” in 1859?

Answer 24

Charles Darwin

Question 25

Darwin believed that Organismal adaptation and evolution was through the process of ?

Answer 25

Natural Selection

Question 26

Who made up the "Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection?"

Answer 26

Charles Darwin

Question 27

This is the process where living things change over time.

Answer 27

Evolution

Question 28

This is why evolution happens. It is nature's way of picking which traits are best for survival.

Answer 28

Natural Selection

Question 29

The paradigm shift to the paradigm of creation shifted to?

Answer 29

Natural Selection

Question 30

The paradigm of geocentrism shifted to what paradigm?

Answer 30

Heliocentrism

Question 31

This revolution was proposed by Sigmund Freud.

Answer 31

Freudian Revolution

Question 32

He is an Austrian neurologist and he introduced psychology.

Answer 32

Sigmund Freud

Question 33

What were the contributions of Sigmund Freud?

Answer 33

Pscyhoanalysis Three forces of psychical apparatus Instincts are two causes of behaviour; Psychosexual theory Role of Dreams Understanding of Self

Question 34

This is the study that explains human behavior.

Answer 34

Psychoanalysis

Question 35

What are the three forces of psychical apparatus?

Answer 35

Id Ego Superego

Question 36

This operated in pursuit of pleasure.

Answer 36

Id

Question 37

This is governed by th reality principle.

Answer 37

Ego

Question 38

This is the pursuit to idealistic goals and perfection.

Answer 38

Superego

Question 39

What are the instincts that are the two causes of behavior?

Answer 39

Eros, Death

Question 40

This is the driving force of instinct.

Answer 40

Libido

Question 41

This states that the behavior and development of an individual are influenced by the interaction between the conscious and unconscious aspects of the person's mind.

Answer 41

Psychosexual Theory

Question 42

This theory states that every dream represents a wish fulfillment. It says that dreams are representative of the imaginary fulfillment of a wish or impulse in early childhood, before such wishes have been repressed.

Answer 42

Role of Dreams

Question 43

Freud continued to work on refining his theory and tried to explain how_______ can be used as clinical method on treating mental disorders.

Answer 43

psychoanalysis

Question 44

Who initiated the Baconian revolution?

Answer 44

Sir Francis bacon

Question 45

Philosophers believed that all knowledge could be obtained through __________ , and that there was no need to actually go out and measure anything.

Answer 45

Pure reasoning

Question 46

He is the Father of science and he gave importance tot eh use of measurement and observation as a tool for gaining knowledge as it should be supported by real world findings.

Answer 46

Aristotle

Question 47

He is the founder of formal logic and proponent of deductive reasoning.

Answer 47

Aristotle

Question 48

He is an Islamic scholar best known for his works on light and vision.

Answer 48

Ibn al-Haytham

Question 49

Increase in numbers of Islamic scholars led to ________

Answer 49

Islamic Golden Age of Science

Question 50

later on, scientific method passed into Europe and the _________

Answer 50

Renaissance

Question 51

He is one of the earliest European scholars to refine the scientific methods. He developed the idea of making observations, hypothesizing, experimenting to test the hypothesis.

Answer 51

Roger Bacon

Question 52

He developed the scientific method. He argued that scientific knowledge is obtained after making observations and then utilizing inductive reasoning to interpret the observations. He also argued that controlled scientific experimentation is essential for understanding nature.

Answer 52

Francis Bacon

Question 53

This is a systematic approach used to establish scientific knowledge or modify existing knowledge.

Answer 53

Scientific Method

Question 54

Inductive vs Deductive Reasoning

Answer 54

Inductive - specific idea to general idea Deductive - general idea to specific idea

Question 55

This allows us to make judgments and form opinions based on the information available to us, often when it’s impossible to have complete information.

Answer 55

Inductive Reasoning