Module 2 Flashcards
(142 cards)
1
Q
what is not found in the boundary between oral cavity proper and oropharynx?
A
Palatopharyngeal fold (it’s within oropharynx)
2
Q
what fusion failure is midline cleft lip about?
A
Fusion of 2 medial nasal processes
3
Q
Wt fusion failure is cleft PALATE about?
A
Fusion of medial nasal process and maxillary process (similar to non-midline cleft lip)
4
Q
What % of brain volume for grey and white matter?
A
Grey matter 40%
White matter 60%
5
Q
What’s the function of grey and white matter?
A
Grey: process and integrate info
White: transmit info between grey matter regions
6
Q
Which tongue muscle can perform sucking action?
A
hyoglossus muscle
7
Q
Wt is the main function for zona pellucida?
A
Prevent premature implant, protect egg, regulate sperm binding
8
Q
What does trophoblast become ?
A
Placenta
9
Q
What is formed in bilaminar formation in week 2?
A
Embryoblast/ Inner cell mass ->
Epiblast (yolk sac),
Hypoblast (amniotic cavity)
10
Q
Which of the following structures is not part of the ethmoid bone?
Inferior nasal concha
Perpendicular plate
Middle nasal concha
Crista galli
Cribriform plate
A
Inferior nasal concha
11
Q
What are filiform papillae?
Elongated projections of stratified squamous epithelium
Parallel low ridges separated by deep mucosal clefts
Large, dome-shaped mucosal structures
Mushroom-shaped structures with taste buds
Projections of epithelium into the underlying connective tissue
A
Elongated projections of stratified squamous epithelium
12
Q
Human skull is made up of_______bones ?
A
29
13
Q
How many cranial bones in human skull ?
A
8
14
Q
How many facial bones in human skull ?
A
14
15
Q
How many auditory bones in human skull ?
A
6
16
Q
How many hyoid bones in human skull ?
A
1
17
Q
What suture connects the two sides of parietal bone ?
A
Saggital suture
18
Q
What suture connects frontal bone & the parietal bones ?
A
Coronal suture
19
Q
What suture connects the parietal bones & occipital bone ?
A
Lambdoid suture
20
Q
What is anterior to maxillary tuberocity ?
A
Pyramidal process of palantine bone
21
Q
Upper surface of tongue is also known as__________surface
A
Dorsal
22
Q
The root of the tongue is connected to hyoid bone via which 2 muscles
A
Genioglossus, Hyoglossus
23
Q
What are the 4 types of lingual papilla
A
Fungiform, filiform, vallate, Foliate
24
Q
Taste buds are associated w/ all lingual papilla EXCEPT________
A
Filiform
25
What lingual papilla is like ridges that are located on the sides of tongue
Foliate
26
What lingual papilla is mushroom shaped
Vallate
27
What does glossal mean in anatomy
Close to tongue
28
Hyoglossus is responsible for what motion of tongue
Depress (sucking. retraction)
29
Styloglossus is responsible for what motion of tongue
Up & Back
30
Palatoglossus is responsible for what motion of tongue
Up
31
What is the asymmetric ridges of connective tissue behind incisive papilla called
Rugae
32
What2 other things are found in soft palate besides muscle & aponeuroses of palatine muscles
Fat & glands
33
There are how many pairs of palatal muscles
5
34
Tuberosity is a_______projection, which is a site for_____________attachment
roughened, muscle/ligament
35
What pass thru Foramen Rotundum
CN V/2
36
What pass thru Foramen Spinosum
middle meningeal artery
37
TMJ is a synovial joint comprised of which 2 kinds of surfaces
Articular & stabilizing
38
Articular surfaces of TMJ consist of which 3 components
Mand. condyle, articular disc, Fossa/tubercle of temporal bone
39
What is the difference betwen tubercle and fossa
tubercle is elevated while fossa is a depression
40
Masseter muscle (DEEP head)
- Origin:
- Insertion:
- Medial border of zygomatic arch, inferior 1/3 of zygomatic arch
- Coronoid process + Superior Lateral of ramus
41
What are the mvmts of Masseter muscle
Elevation + Protrusion
42
What is the innervation of Masseter muscle & temporalis
CN V/3 (mand. branch)
43
Lateral Pterygoid (LOWER head)
- origin:
- insertion:
- lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate
- neck of mand. condyle
44
Medial Pterygoid (DEEP head)
- origin:
- insertion:
- Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate
- Medial ramus + mand. angle
45
Medial Pterygoid (SUPERFICIAL head)
- origin:
- insertion:
- Pyramidal process of palatine bone + Max. tuberosity
- Medial ramus + mand. angle
46
What is the innervation of the Lateral pterygoid muscles
CN V/3
47
What is the innervation of Medial pterygoid muscles
CN V/3
48
(Masseter/Pterygoid) is deeper anatomical structure
Pterygoid
49
What structure is between Pterygoids & Masseters
Mand. ramus
50
Is foramen (spinosum/lacerum) bigger in size
Lacerum
51
Vascular progenitor derive from which germ layer
Mesoderm
52
Formation of stomodeum occurs @ week______
4
53
3rd arches give rise to which 3 things
Glossopharngeal "IX nerve", common carotid artery, internal carotid artery
54
6th arches give rise to which 4 things
Intrinsic muscles of larynx, Cricoid cartilages, Vagus nerve "CN X", recurrent laryngeal nerve
55
Thyroid glands come from_________
3rd pouch
56
- Cleft lip is the failure of__________
- Cleft palate is the failure of__________
- Mid facial cleft is the failure of__________
- fusion between medial nasal process & max. process
- fusion between medial nasal process & max. process
- fusion between two medial nasal processes
57
Formation of lower lip is by the fusion of__________
the 2 mand. processes
58
Bundles of muscle cells is called
Fasiclesq
59
- Skeletal muscle has (centrally/peripheral) located nuclei
- Cardiac muscle has (centrally/peripheral) located nuclei
- Smooth muscle has (centrally/peripheral) located nuclei
- peripheral
- centrally
- centrally
60
Skeletal muscle contraction;
- action potential triggers the release of Ca2+ ions from___________
sarcoplasmic reticulum
61
Brain receives ~____% of body's total blood sply
30
62
List the 3 meninges layers from outside to inside
Dura > Arachnoid > Pia (mneumonic: DAP)
63
Cerebellum contains______% of brain's neurons
50
64
Cerebellum is located_________to the brainstem
Dorsal
65
White matter is comprised primarily of
synapses
dendrites
nerve terminals
cell bodies
axons
axons
66
The typical resting potential of a neuron is
-70mV
67
What type of muscle is found in the tongue, enabling complex movements in multiple directions?
Various orientations of smooth muscle fascicles
Highly ordered, parallel arrangement of smooth muscle fascicles
Various orientations of skeletal muscle fascicles
Highly ordered, parallel arrangement of skeletal muscle fascicles
Highly ordered, parallel arrangement of cardiac muscle fascicles
Various orientations of skeletal muscle fascicles
68
Which of the following diseases is considered as a multifactorial and polygenic disorder?
Cystic fibrosis
Dentine dysplasia
Cleft palate
Dentinogenesis imperfecta
Marfan syndrome
69
The spine of sphenoid is for the attachment of__________
Sphenomandibular ligament to stabilise TMJ
70
The speed of electrical conduction in heavily myelinated fibres is approximately
200-300 metres/second
0.5-0.75 metres/second
10-20 metres/second
1-2 metres/second
80-130 metres/second
80-130 metres/second
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
Is laryngeal nerve same as recurrent laryngeal nerve ?
NO
81
Implantation happens in week____of dvlpment
1
82
How many trimesters are there in human pregnancy
3
83
_____trimester is considered the safest
2nd
84
What anatomical feature is posterior to max. tuberosity
Pyramidal process of palantine bone
85
Telencephalon is also known as_________
cerebrum
86
__________lobe is responsible for somatosensory processing
Parietal
87
__________lobe is responsible for motor ctrl
frontal
88
__________lobe is responsible for comprehension
temporal
89
T/F, only cerebrum is divided to left & right hemispheres ?
F, both cerebrum & cerebellum
90
__________lobe is responsible for viscerosensory processing
Insular
91
__________lobe is responsible for speech
frontal
92
In the cerebrum:
- rostral - towards_________
- caudal - towards_________
- Forehead
- Occipital lobe
93
In the brainstem:
- rostral - towards_________
- caudal - towards_________
- Apex
- Feet/Spinal cord
94
What are the mvmts of Lateral pterygoid (Upper & Lower head)
Depression, Protrusion, Lateral mvmts
95
What are the mvmts of Medial pterygoid (Superficial & Deep head)
Elevation, Protrusion, Lateral mvmts
96
What lingual papilla is mushroom shaped ?
Vallate
97
Which lingual papilla does NOT associated w/ tastebuds ?
Filiform
98
99
100
101
102
103
Intrinsic muscles of the tongue are derived of which of the following?
Lateral lingual swellings
Mandibular possesses
Frontonasal process
Dorsal wall of the pharynx
Lateral nasal processes
Dorsal wall of the pharynx
104
The dorsal horn of the spinal cord processes which type of information
somatosensory
skeletal motor
visual
sympathetic motor
auditory
somatosensory
105
_________is the second largest brain region
Cerebellum
106
- Diencephalon is made up of____________
- Diencephalon is located___________
- Thalamus & Hypothalamus
- Between brainstem & Telencephalon
107
_____ions cause the contraction of sarcomeres
Ca2+
108
What are the 2 significances of intercalated disk of cardiac muscle cell
1. Allow branching
2. Ionic continuity for coordinated contraction
109
(Skeletal/cardiac) muscles contain sarcomeres
both, coz both are striated muscles
110
(Skeletal/cardiac) muscle fibers are branching
Cardiac
111
plasma membrane of skeletal muscle is known as_________
Sarcolemma
112
- Skeletal muscles are (single/multi)nucleated
- Cardiac muscles are (single/multi)nucleated
- Smooth muscles are (single/multi)nucleated
- Multinucleated
- single
-single
113
Myofibils is composed of_________, which are the contractile unit of skeletal muscle
Sarcomeres
114
_________fills the cytoplasm of skeletal muscle
Myofibrils
115
What muscles are striated
Skeletal & cardiac
116
The main body of mand. forms around_______, which later disappears
Meckel's cartilage (later disappear)
117
T/F, main body of mand. dvlp together w/ the ramus + condyle
F, ramus + condyle dvlp as independent cartilage, forms seperately from main body of mand.
118
- Mand. formation occurs @ week____during dvlpment
- Postnatal growth of lower face until age________
- ______drive lower face growth downwards
- 7
- 16-20
- Condyle
119
- Max. formation occurs @ week_____ during dvlpment
- Postnatal growth of max. until age_________
- 6
- 14-15
120
Cleft palate is more common in (male/female)
female
121
Cleft lips is more common in (male/female)
male
122
- Upper lip forms @ week____
- Palate form @ week____
- 6
- 7
123
Mid facial cleft is more common in (male/female)
male
124
Parathyroid glands come from_________
3rd & 4th pouches
125
What innervates posterior 1/3 of tongue
Glossopharyngeal "CN IX" & Vagus "CN X"
126
What innervates anterior 2/3 of tongue
Trigeminal "CN V"
127
4th arches give rise to which 2 things
superior parathyroid epiglottic cartilages, Vagus nerve "CN X"
128
What does 2nd phayngeal arches form
- Nerves:
- Muscles:
- Bones:
(everything swallowing & facial exp.)
- Facial nerve, vestibulocochlear nerve, Chorda tympani "CN VII"
- Facial exp. muscles, posterior belly of digastric
- Hyoid bone, pt. of temporal bone
129
What does 1st pharyngeal arches form
(everything masticating). Max., mand., primary muscles of mastication, accessory muscles of masticating, anterior 2/3 of tongue, tensor tympani + veli palatani
130
Digastric muscle is one of the_________muscle of_________
accessory muscle of mastication
131
Lateral Pterygoid (UPPER head)
- origin:
- insertion:
- infratemporal surface of sphenoid
- capsule of tmj, anterior & medial of articular disc, neck mand.
132
Temporalis muscle
- origin
- insertion
- Temporal fossa (along inferior temporal line)
- Coronoid process + Anterior border of ramus
133
Masseter muscle (SUPERFICIAL head)
- Origin:
- Insertion:
- Inferior border of anterior 2/3 of zygomatic arch & Max. process of zygomatic bone
- Angle of mand., Inferior Lateral of ramus
134
What are the 4 primary muscles for mastication
Temporalis, Masseter, Lateral + Medial Pterygoid
135
What pass thru Hypoglossal canal in the wall of Foramen Magnum
CN XII
136
What pass thru Foramen Magnum
spinal cord
137
What pass thru Foramen Ovale
CN V/3
138
What pass thru superior orbital fissure
CN III, IV, V/1, VI
139
(Ramus/Body) of mandible is vertical
Ramus
140
Genioglossus is responsible for what motion of tongue
Protrusion/Deviation
141
What does genio mean in anatomy
Chin
142
