Module 3 Flashcards
(141 cards)
1
Q
All intrinsic salivary glands secrete mucuos except______, which secrete______
A
von Ebner’s gland, serous
2
Q
Intrinsic salivary glands have________innervation by______nerve
A
Parasympathetic, facial
3
Q
von ebner’s glands are found in________
A
muscle of oral tongue, openings into moats around vallate & foliate papilla
4
Q
submandibular glands secrete_______
A
mixed
5
Q
Parotid glands secrete_______
A
serous
6
Q
Sublingual glands secrete______
A
mucous
7
Q
_________pass thru parotid gland
A
external carotid artery, retromandibular vein & facial nerve
8
Q
Parotid gland emties its contents into oral cavity thru_______
A
Parotid papilla
9
Q
Parotid gland innervations
- Parasympathetic:
- Sympathetic:
- Sensory:
A
- CN IX (glossopharyngeal) via Auriculotemporal nerve
- External Carotid Plexus
- Auriculotemporal nerve & Greater Auricular Nerve
10
Q
Submandibular gland opens into______
A
Sublingual papilla
11
Q
Submandibular & Sublingual glands innervations:
- Parasympathetic:
- Sympathetic:
- Sensory:
A
- CN VII (Chorda Tympani)
- External Carotid Plexus
- Trigeminal nerve CN V3 (Lingual nerve)
12
Q
Sublingual gland has________ducts open into_______ in oral cavity
A
8-20, Sublingual fold
13
Q
Wts the most common bacteria for caries
A
Streptococcus
14
Q
What is the most common cause of tooth loss in adults ?
A
Periodontitis
15
Q
Receptors on bacterial cells bind_______for adherence to form biofilm
A
Receptors of salivary glycoproteins on salivary pellicles
16
Q
_________make up 80% of early colonisers of biofilm
A
Streptococcus
17
Q
Toothpaste containing________ will inhibit calculus formation
A
Pyrophosphates/ Zinc salts
18
Q
________is known as the calcified form of plaque. Will it be removed by brushing
A
Calculus, no
19
Q
critical pH of oral cavity is______
A
5.5
20
Q
What is the function of glycosidase produced by Non Mutan Streptococci ?
A
Liberate sugars from glycoproteins in saliva
21
Q
T/F, both Non Mutan Streptococci & Mutan Streptococci attach efficiently to Pellicle ?
A
F, only NON mutan strep attach efficiently
22
Q
_________produce acid in the process of dental carries
A
Bacteria metabolizing sugars
23
Q
Parotid capsule is an extension of________
A
deep cervical fascia
24
Q
What is the maximum physiological pH of saliva
A
7.2
25
Periodontitis happens when_________________
Gingivitis is NOT eradicated & spread BELOW gumline to affect bones & supporting tissues
26
T/F, Lactobacilli is involved in the progression of periodontitis ?
F
27
Submandibular gland is_____to body of mand.
Medial
28
The GABAa receptor is coupled to a ____ ion channel
Chloride
29
What can be found in parotid gland?
Ext carotid artery
Retromandibular vein
Facial nerve
30
How does parotid duct exit the gland into the parotid papilla
Exit gland anteriorly
Cross superficial surface of masseter
Pierce buccinator muscle
Opening to VESTIBULE near 2nd molar at parotid papilla
31
What is the shape of myoepithelial cell?
Star shaped / stellate = with branching processes
32
T/F: mucosa has more bacteria than teeth
F (teeth surf has more bacteria)
33
Mucosa bacteria in different oral parts:
- Hard palate:
- Tongue dorsum:
- Saliva:
Hard Palate: S UP V P UL G
Tongue Dorsum: S UP V P UL A N F
Saliva: S UP V P
(Legend)
P: prevotella
V: veillonella
A: actinomyces
G: gemella
S: streptococcus
N: neisseria
F: fusobacterium
UP: uncl. pasteurellaceae
UL: uncl. Lactobacillales
34
______make up 40% of salivary proteins
Proline Rich Protein (PRPs)
35
Minimum physiological saliva pH
6.2
36
Structural component of plaque that is glucose molecules linked together?
Dextrans
37
T/F: lactobacilli can only be grown aerobically
T
38
T/F: fusobacterium will only grow anaerobically
T
39
Wt is sucrose?
Disaccharide: glucose-fructose
40
Motor nerves are also known as________?
Efferent nerves
41
What does GPCR bind ?
Ca
42
What does GABA receptor bind ?
Chloride
43
Wt is RTK relate to?
Insulin receptor - for glycogen synthesis
44
Wts a difference between peptide hormone and lipid hormone in relevance to signalling?
Peptide hormone bind to membrane receptor; lipid hormone pass through cell membrane and bind to intracellular receptor
45
which is more relevant to caries invasion?
Liq foci or dentinal tubule?
Dentinal Tubule
46
Wt are the properties of cariogenic bacteria?
Acidogenic, aciduric, proteolytic
47
Submandibular gland opens into___________
sublingual papilla
48
sublingual gland opens into___________
sublingual fold
49
Parotid gland opens into__________
Parotid papilla
50
There are a number of factors that influence the pH within dental plaque (biofilm) after sugar intake. Which of the following factors does NOT influence plaque pH?
Thickness of plaque
Type of sugar consumed
Salivary buffering capacity
Salivary flow rate
Presence of fluoride
Type of sugar consumed
51
_____________wraps around posterior border of mylohyoid muscle
Submandibular gland
52
______are the usual early colonisers in biofilm formation
Streptococcus
53
T/F, only Mutans Strep produce glucans ?
F
Non mutan strep produce glucan & fructan.
but Mutan Strep produce WATER INSOLUBLE glucan
54
a pH < 5.5 will accelerate the growth of_______bacteria ?
Aciduric
55
Serous cell has_______shaped acini,_________shaped base, _______shaped nuclei
Spherical, pyramidal, spherical
56
Mucous cell has_______shaped acini, ________shaped nuclei
Tubular, flattened
57
What is the saliva flow rate per day in mL ?
600-1000
58
Salivary gland is an (exocrine/endocrine)
Exocrine
59
Contractile cells in salivary glands consist of__________
Acini + Intercalated ducts
60
What are the 2 types of receptors for Acetylcholine ?
Muscarinic, Nicotinic
61
What are the 2 main types of neurotransmitters used in AUTONOMIC nervous sys.
Acetylcholine & NorAdrenaline
62
99% of saliva is comprised of_____________
water & electrolytes
63
What are the 2 functions of salivary electrolytes
Buffering, maintaining tooth integrity
64
T/F, saliva does not contain hormone ?
F
65
Which salivary protein has high affinity for hydroxyapatite ?
PRP (Proline Rich Protein)
66
What are the 2 common salivary glycoproteins ?
Mucin & PRP
67
a-amylase contribute to_____% of salivary proteins ?
40-50%
68
Most of the amylase in saliva is produced by___________
parotid gland
69
a-amylase is only active @_____pH
low
70
How does Lactoferrin have anti microbial property ?
Deprive iron source from bacteria
71
Which salivary protein can provide lubrication ?
Mucin
72
Which organ can synthesize cholesterol ?
Liver
73
Which vitamins are water soluble ?
B,C
74
Which vitamins are fat soluble ?
A,D,E,K
75
In bacteria, competence is the exchange of________________
DNA between bacteria
76
What happens during the proteolytic stage of caries process
Degradation of the organic matrix
77
Does (non mutan/mutan) strep attach to pellicle more efficiently
non mutan
78
What is the fxn of myoepithelial cell on the surface of salivary acini
They help active secretion of saliva as they are contractile cells
79
Intercalated duct cells have_________epithelium
Cuboidal
80
How is the neuron outflow in autonomic nervous sys. differ from somatic nervous sys.
Autonomic nervous sys. has 2 neuron outflows (Preganglionic neuron & Postganglionic neuron)
81
Sympathetic sys. has (short/long) preganglionic
short
82
Parasympathetic sys. has (short/long) preganglionic
long
83
- Preganglionic neuron is located in________
- Postganglionic neuron is located in_________
- CNS
- PNS
84
Nicotinic (NN) receptor is used by_________at_________
PARAsympathetic & SYMpathetic sys. at PREganglionic
85
Noradrenaline is used by SYMpathetic sys at__________except for________
at POSTganglionic, except sweat glands
86
NM receptor is used by_____________
Somatic sys.
87
How many stages are there in the formation of saliva
2 (primary & secondary)
88
What is the composition of saliva in the event of parasympathetic overdrive ?
(Hypersalivation) Watery, enzyme-rich
89
What is the composition of saliva in the event of sympathetic overdrive ?
(Hyposalivation) Not water, mucin-rich
90
When Intercalated ducts absorps Na+ & Cl- from lumen, what counter ions are put into the lumen where the saliva is
K+ & HCO3-
91
Which ion provides buffering capacity to saliva
HCO3-
92
Which post translational modification inc. the half life of saliva proteins
Glycosylation
93
What is the advantage of inc. hydrophillic properties of saliva by glycosylation
inc. hydrophilicity > inc. water retention > inc. anti-friction
94
What digestive enzymes are found in saliva
Amylase & lingual lipase
95
Amylase digest______to______
starch to smaller sugars
96
________is involved in the first phase of fat digestion
lingual lipase
97
lingual lipase hydrolyze______________chain triglycerides
medium to long
98
inTRAcellular receptor:
- location:
- fxn:
- Inside the cell — typically in the cytoplasm or nucleus.
- Bind lipid soluble signaling molecules that are able to cross the cell membrane by itself
99
inTERcellular receptor:
- location:
- fxn:
- On the cell surface — usually in the plasma membrane.
- Bind water-soluble or large signaling molecules that cannot cross the cell membrane
100
An example of a diffusible messenger signalling from one cell to another is
chloride
hormone
integrins
cadherins
gap junctions
hormone
101
Which one is not a consequence of hyposalivation?
Increased caries risk
Difficulty swallowing
Tooth erosion
Halitosis
Altered taste
Tooth erosion
102
- EMP pathway: _________>__________
- Is it oxygen dependent
- glucose > pyruvate
- No
103
Pyruvate >____________(S. mutans &___________
Lactate, Lactobacilli
104
Rod-shaped bacteria is called__________
bacilli
105
Mucosa bacteria in different oral parts:
- Buccal mucosa
- Throat
- Palatine tonsils
- Buccal mucosa: S UP G
- Throat: S UP V P UL F A
- Palatine tonsils: S UP V P F
(Legend)
P: prevotella
V: veillonella
A: actinomyces
G: gemella
S: streptococcus
N: neisseria
F: fusobacterium
UP: uncl. pasteurellaceae
UL: uncl. Lactobacillales
106
In dentine caries, which zone has the lowest mechanical strength ?
Destruction
107
The 4 zones of enamel caries from outermost to innermost are ?
Transleucent > Dark > Body > Surface
108
- Which zone of enamel caries has the most pores ?
- What os the pore volume of this zone ?
- Body
- 5-25% by volume
109
What is the pore volume of transleucent zone of enamel caries ?
1% by volume
110
What is the pore volume of dark zone of enamel caries ?
2-4% by volume
111
What is the pore volume of surface zone of enamel caries ?
- 0.1% by volume
112
(Enamel/dentine) caries is due to acid attack
Enamel
113
Treponema denticola is responsible for what dental disease
gingivitis/periodontitis
114
List 4 ways to quantitate bacterial growth ?
Cell counting using gridded slide
Serial dilution (plating on agar)
Optical density of culture
qPCR
115
List 2 most recent methods to identify specific bacterial species
PCR analysis of 16S subunit of ribosomal RNA
MALDI-TOF (also use 16S ribosome)
116
Which 2 species commonly cause PERIOdontitis
Porphy gingivalis, Treponema denticola
117
Which bacteria cause localized juvenile periodontitis
Actinobacillus actinomyce...
118
For bacteria to adhere, they must overcome which 2 things ?
1. aggregation of bacteria caused by salivary force
2. mechanical shearing force
119
Biofilm matrix contain_________to make it STICKY
bacterial & host pdts such as eDNA & polymers
120
a second biofilm layer can cover___________
calculus
121
_______________hypothesis states that ONLY specific cariogenic bacteria are responsible for dental caries
Specific Plaque Hyp
122
_______________hypothesis states that dental caries depends on the quantity of plaque bot NOT on the species
Non-Specific Plaque Hyp
123
_______________hypothesis states that dental caries is facilitated by the imbalance caused by the change in microbial composition & environment (pH, nutrients, oxygen)
Ecological Plaque Hyp
124
_______________hypothesis states that Certain low-abundance microbial species (keystone pathogens) can orchestrate inflammatory disease by disrupting the host's immune response and reshaping the entire microbial community to become more pathogenic — even without being dominant in number
Keystone Pathogen Hyp
125
Which plaque hypothesis do NOT address host specific factor
Specific, Non-Specific, Ecological,
126
Which plaque hypothesis address both ecological and host specific factors
Keystone
127
What are the two post-translational modifications for salivary proteins
Glycosylation, Phosphorylation
128
- primary secretion of saliva is (hypotonic/isotonic/hypertonic)
- secondary secretion of saliva is (hypotonic/isotonic/hypertonic)
- iso
- hypo
129
What does somatic sys. control
Skeletal muscles
130
Muscarinic receptor is used by_______at________
by PARAsympathetic sys. at POSTganglionic
131
Does intrinsic salivary glands have ductal sys. ?
NO, only in extrinsic glands
132
Excretory duct cells have________epithelium
pseudostratified
133
Which duct can secrete electrolytes & modify the saliva
Striated duct
134
Which salivary duct is stratified near the oral opening
Excretory
135
List the salivary ducts in order from Myoepithelial cell
Myoepithelial cell > salivary acini > intercalated duct > striated duct > excretory duct
136
Parotid gland is______to mand. ramus & masseter
lateral
137
Which one other bacteria is also aciduric besides mutan strep
lactobacilli
138
What is the role of glucan and fructan in plaque formation
Fill gaps between bacteria > accerlerate plaque formation
139
In caries process,________can activate MMP & Cathepsins, which degrade collagen & ECM proteins in dentine
acids
140
How does Lysozyme have anti microbial property ?
Attack peptidoglycan cell wall on gram + bacteria
141
Lingual lipase is secreted by__________
von Ebner's gland
