Module 2 - Brain Anatomy (better version)

Question 1

functions of the forebrain

Answer 1

complex cognitive functions (thinking, planning and language)

Question 2

principle forebrain stuctures

Answer 2

basal ganglia, cerebrum, and limbic system

Question 3

functions of the cerebrum

Answer 3

creates reality, perceptual organization, and motor planning

Question 4

functions of the basal ganglia

Answer 4

voluntary movement and sensory guided movement

Question 5

functions of the limbic system

Answer 5

emotion and memory

Question 6

functions of the diencephalon

Answer 6

the between brain

integrates sensory and motor information on way to xortex

Question 7

principal structures of diencephalon

Answer 7

hypothalamus and thalamus

Question 8

purpose of the thalamus

Answer 8

relays sensory information to the cortex

Question 9

purpose of the hypothalamus

Answer 9

homeostasis (temperature regulation)

hormone regulation

eating and drinking

involved with pituitary gland

Question 10

purpose of the midbrain

Answer 10

central part of the brain

controls neural circuits for hearing, seeing, and orienting movements

Question 11

principal structures of the midbrain

Answer 11

tectum and tegmentum

Question 12

purpose of the tectum

Answer 12

audio/visual related orienting movements

Question 13

purpose of the tegmentum

Answer 13

voluntary movements

Question 14

purpose of the hindbrain

Answer 14

oldest part of brain

lots of life sustaining behaviour

Question 15

principal structures of hindbrain

Answer 15

cerebellum, pons, medulla oblongata, and reticular formation

Question 16

purpose of the cerebellum

Answer 16

finely coordinated (ballistic) movements

Question 17

purpose of the pons

Answer 17

bridge between cortex and the cerebellum

contains substructures that perform vital body movements

Question 18

purpose of the medulla oblongata

Answer 18

vital functions (respiratory and cardiovascular)

Question 19

purpose of the reticular formation

Answer 19

sleep/wake and arousal

Question 20

purpose of the spinal nerves

Answer 20

carry information from brain out towards the body

Question 21

what is sensation

Answer 21

sensory processes

involves first contact between organism and environment

Question 22

what is perception

Answer 22

the experience as a result of what we sense

Question 23

what is transduction

Answer 23

when neurons turn energy into a nerve impulse

Question 24

what are the sensory receptors for vision + what energy do they transduce

Answer 24

rods and cones

transduce light energy

Question 25

what are the sensory receptors for hearing + what energy do they transduce

Answer 25

hair cells on basilar membrane in inner ear transduce sound waves

Question 26

what are the sensory receptors for somatosensory (touch/pressure/pain) + what energy do they transduce

Answer 26

receptors in skin/joints transduce mechanical energy

Question 27

what are the sensory receptors for taste and olfaction

Answer 27

receptors on tongue and in nose transduce chemical energy

Question 28

purpose of occipital lobe

Answer 28

located at back of brain where visual processing begins

Question 29

purpose of parietal lobe

Answer 29

located on top of brain directs movements towards a goal or to perform a task (such as grasping an object)

Question 30

purpose of temporal lobe

Answer 30

located on on bottom of brain involves with hearing, language, and musical abilities also involved with facial recognition and emotional processing

Question 31

purpose of frontal lobe

Answer 31

located at front of brain performs brains executive functions like decision making and voluntary movements

Question 32

purpose of central sulcus

Answer 32

boundary between frontal and parietal lobes

Question 33

purpose of lateral fissure

Answer 33

fissures that run along the sides of the brain

Question 34

purpose of longitudinal fissures

Answer 34

divide the left and right hemispheres of the brain

Question 35

purpose of cranial nerves

Answer 35

nerves that go throughout different parts of head help with eye muscles and balance

Question 36

brain-body orientation

Answer 36

brain structure in reference to human face

Question 37

spatial orientation

Answer 37

brain structure in relation to the body

Question 38

anatomic organization

Answer 38

brain structure in relation to a cut through brain

Question 39

3 types of brain sections

Answer 39

coronal, horizontal and saggital

Question 40

coronal brain section

Answer 40

goes through brain from top to bottom, slicing brain horizontally makes a front and back of brain

Question 41

horizontal brain section

Answer 41

cuts brain in half so that there is a top half and bottom half (goes through centre of brain)

Question 42

saggital brain section

Answer 42

cuts brain in half so that there is a left side and a right side

Question 43

4 main views of the brain

Answer 43

dorsal, ventral, lateral, and medial

Question 44

purpose of inferior olive

Answer 44

motor functions

Question 45

purpose of superior olive

Answer 45

hearing functions

Question 46

purpose of the pyramid

Answer 46

motor tracts

Question 47

purpose of infundibulum

Answer 47

connection between hypothalamus and posterior pituitary

Question 48

purpose of peduncles

Answer 48

assist in refining and learning new motor skills some from tracts from pons to cerebellum

Question 49

superior colliculus purpose

Answer 49

vision

Question 50

inferior colliculus purpose

Answer 50

hearing

Question 51

lateral geniculate nucleus main purpose

Answer 51

vision

Question 52

medial geniculate nucleus main purpose

Answer 52

hearing

Question 53

3 main types of neurons

Answer 53

sensory, interneurons, and motor neurons

Question 54

purpose of sensory neurons

Answer 54

bring sensory and motor info to central nervous system

Question 55

purpose of interneurons

Answer 55

associate sensory and motor activity in central nervous system

Question 56

purpose of motor neurons

Answer 56

send sensory and motor information to the body