Module 2 chapter 4

Question 1

What does the term anabolic refer to

Answer 1

A chemical reaction required for growth

Question 2

What are the 3 types of inhibitors

Answer 2

• Competitive
• Non-competitive
• End products

Question 3

What does the inhibitor end product do

Answer 3

Binds to the enzyme halting the reaction

Question 4

What are reactions catalysed by

Answer 4

Enzymes

Question 5

What type of protein is an enzyme

Answer 5

Globular

Question 6

What do enzymes interact with that causes them to react

Answer 6

Substrate molecules

Question 7

What do substrate molecules allow the globular protein to do

Answer 7

Increases reaction rate without the need for harsh environmental conditions

Question 8

What type of chemical reaction is required for growth

Answer 8

Anabolic reaction

Question 9

What is energy released from

Answer 9

large organic molecules

Question 10

What is an example of a large organic molecule

Answer 10

Glucose

Question 11

Where is energy from glucose released

Answer 11

Metabolic pathways

Question 12

What type of reactions occur in a metabolic pathway

Answer 12

Catabolic reactions

Question 13

What is a anabolic process

Answer 13

Building up

Question 14

What is a catabolic process

Answer 14

Breaking down

Question 15

Where are the large organic molecules obtained from

Answer 15

Digestion of food

Question 16

What energy molecule is bigger than glucose

Answer 16

Starch

Question 17

Do reactions ever happen in isolation

Answer 17

rarely

Question 18

What is metabolism

Answer 18

Sum of all of the different reactions and reaction pathways happening in the organism

Question 19

What factors affect the rate of chemical reactions

Answer 19

Temperature pressure and pH

Question 20

What is the optimum rate of reaction called for enzymes

Answer 20

V max

Question 21

What happens to the speed of the molecule when high temperatures and pressures are applied

Answer 21

Speed of the molecules will increase

Question 22

What happens to the collision rate when the molecules increase in speed

Answer 22

More successful collisions and overall rate of reaction

Question 23

What does the term specificity of the enzyme mean

Answer 23

the enzyme will only collide with the matching substrate

Question 24

What is activation energy

Answer 24

Energy needed for the reaction to occur

Question 25

What if the activation energy is to high

Answer 25

reaction doesn't occur under normal conditions

Question 26

What do enzymes do

Answer 26

Decrease the activation energy required

Question 27

What is formed when the substrate is bound to the active site

Answer 27

Enzyme-substrate complex

Question 28

How are the products formed from the enzyme

Answer 28

Substrates react with the enzyme

Question 29

What is it called when substrates react and products are formed

Answer 29

enzyme-product complex

Question 30

The enzyme holds the substrate in a specific way which allows what do happen

Answer 30

the right atom groups are close enough to react

Question 31

What do the R-groups in the active site do

Answer 31

interact with the substrate forming temporary bonds

Question 32

What does the induced-fit hypothesis state

Answer 32

The active site of the enzyme changes slightly as the substrate enters

Question 33

What is the induced-fit hypothesis a modified version of

Answer 33

Lock and key hypothesis

Question 34

How strong is the initial interaction between the enzyme and substrate

Answer 34

relatively weak

Question 35

What do the weak interactions rapidly induce

Answer 35

changes in the enzymes tertiary structure

Question 36

Where are intra-cellular enzymes found

Answer 36

Inside the cells

Question 37

What is hydrogen peroxide a product of

Answer 37

many metabolic pathways

Question 38

What enzyme breaks hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water

Answer 38

catalase

Question 39

Which types of tissue is catalase found

Answer 39

- Animal | - Plant

Question 40

What do all reactions happening within cells need

Answer 40

Substrates

Question 41

Why do reactions inside cells need substrates

Answer 41

to make products needed by the organism

Question 42

why do these substrates (raw materials) need to be constantly supplied to cells

Answer 42

to keep up with the demand

Question 43

How do enzymes effect activation energy

Answer 43

They lower it

Question 44

Name an enzyme produced in the salivary glands

Answer 44

Salivary amylase

Question 45

Name an enzyme produced in the pancreas

Answer 45

trypsin and chymotrypsin

Question 46

What does trypsin and chymotrypsin do

Answer 46

Helps break down protein

Question 47

Where is trypsin and chymotrypsin found

Answer 47

In the

Question 48

What 4 factors effect enzyme activity

Answer 48

- pH - Temperature - Enzyme concentration - Substrate concentration

Question 49

What factors would effect the shape of the enzyme

Answer 49

Temperature | pH

Question 50

What factors would effect the chances of a collision between enzymes and substrate

Answer 50

- pH - Temperature - Enzyme concentration - Substrate concentration

Question 51

What is the molecule that can interfere with the action of the enzyme

Answer 51

Inhibitor

Question 52

What are the 2 types of inhibitors

Answer 52

Irreversible and reversible

Question 53

What do inhibitors do

Answer 53

They reduce the compatibility of the substrate to the enzyme substrate complexs'

Question 54

What does reducing the compatibility of the substrate do to the reaction rate in enzymes

Answer 54

Prevents catalyzation of reactions, decreasing the amount of product produced by a reaction

Question 55

What type of enzymes do reversible inhibitors attach to

Answer 55

enzymes with non-covalent interactions

Question 56

Give examples of non-covalent interactions

Answer 56

- H+ bonds - hydrophobic interactions - ionic bonds

Question 57

What bonding type will a irreversible inhibitor bind to the enzyme using

Answer 57

Covalent bond

Question 58

What do the multiple weak bonds between the inhibitor and active site do

Answer 58

They combine to produce strong and specific bonds