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BMSC 230 #2 > module 2- glycolysis > Flashcards

module 2- glycolysis Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

where does metabolism occur in eukaryotic cells

A

cytosol

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2
Q

what are the inputs & outputs for glycolysis

A

1 glucose in, 2 pyruvate out

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3
Q

Is ATP consumed or produced during 1st stage of glycolysis? And how many ATP molecules?

A

consumed, 2

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4
Q

is ATP consumed or produced during 2nd stage of glycolysis? And how many ATP molecules?

A

produced, 4 ATP per molecule of glucose

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5
Q

Glycolysis generates a net of ( ) ATP per molecule of glucose

A

2

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6
Q

is glycolysis an anaerobic or aerobic process?

A

anaerobic

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7
Q

steps 1-4 are energy ( ) steps

A

consuming

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8
Q

steps 5-10 are energy ( ) steps

A

producing

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9
Q

what is the regulatory enzyme of glycolysis

A

phosphofructokinase (PFK)

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10
Q

what is the regulatory reaction in glycolysis & what enzyme is involved?

A

fructose 6-P -> fructose 1,6-BP
enzyme: PFK

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11
Q

how does glucose enter the body?

A

in form of starch

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12
Q

what reaction is substrate level phosphorylation

A

PEP -> pyruvate

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13
Q

what enzyme is an allosteric activator of PFK in the liver?

A

fructose 2,6-BP

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14
Q

what are the 3 fates of pyruvate?

A

1) acetaldehyde -> ethanol
2) lactate
3) acetyl CoA -> further oxidation

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15
Q

which fate of pyruvate produces the most energy?

A

acetyl CoA

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16
Q

fermentation is an (anaerobic/aerobic) process

A

anaerobic

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17
Q

what enzyme converts pyruvate into acetaldehyde

A

pryuvate decarboxylase

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18
Q

what enzyme converts pyruvate ->lactate

A

lactate dehydrogenase

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19
Q

lactate lowers pH of muscle which inhibits what enzyme?

A

PFK

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20
Q

what enzyme converts pyruvate -> acetyl CoA

A

pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

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21
Q

net products of glycolysis

A

2 pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2H + 2 H2O

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22
Q

are reversible or non-reversible steps in glycolysis regulated?

A

non-reversible

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23
Q

T or F: galactose & fructose are both metabolized by glycolysis but enter pathway at different points

24
Q

fructose is a component of ( ) and galactose is a component of ( )

Study These Flashcards
A

sucrose, lactose

25
where does galactose enter glycolysis
at glucose 6-P
26
lactose intolerant is due to ( ) in lactase
deficiency
27
where does fructose enter glycolysis?
enters from the liver into DHAP or GAP
28
T or F: excessive fructose consumption can lead to obesity, fatty liver & type 2 diabetes
T
29
2 major roles of glycolysis
1) degrade glucose to generate ATP 2) provide building blocks for biosynthetic processes
30
what 3 enzymes control the rate of glycolysis via the 3 irreversible reactions
1) hexokinase 2) PFK 3) pyruvate kinase
31
why is glycolysis termed an anaerobic process?
b/c there is no requirement for oxygen
32
T or F: PFK is controlled allosterically
T
33
drop in muscle pH ( ) PFK & activates ( )
inhibits, ATP
34
hezokinase catalyzes ( ) which ( ) hexokinase allosterically
glucose 6-P, inhibits
35
pyruvate kinase is allosterically ( ) by ATP and ( ) by fructose 1,6-BP
inhibited, activated
36
increase in fructose 1,6-BP =
increase in pyruvate kinase activity
37
liver function
maintain glucose levels in the blood
38
what is glucose stored as?
glycogen
39
T or F: PFK regulation differs in muscle vs liver
T
40
what is the inhibitor of PFK in the liver?
citrate
41
high levels of citrate = metabolized glucose is ( )
slowed
42
increase of glucose in blood = fructose 6-P ( )
increases
43
what enzyme needs to be activated to handle increase in glucose in the blood?
PFK
44
what is the allosteric activator of PFK?
fructose 2,6-P
45
glycolysis is accelerated when glucose is ( )
abundant
46
glycolysis uses what type of feedback system?
feedforward
47
where is hexokinase regulated?
liver
48
what is glucokinase & its role?
isoform of hexokinase, it phosphorylates glucose
49
how does glucokinase differ from hexokinase (2)
1) glucokinase has 50 fold higher Km than hexokinase 2) glucokinase is not inhibited by its product (glucose 6-P)
50
glucose 6-P is formed only when glucose is ( )
abundant (after a meal)
51
what enzyme does glucose 6-P inhibit?
hexokinase
52
increase in fructose 1,6-BP = ( ) in pyruvate kinase activity
increase
53
decreased pH in the muscle ( ) PFK
inhibits
54
what is hexokinase inhibited by in the muscle?
glucose 6-P
55
what is pyruvate kinase inhibited by in the muscle? and what is it activated by?
ATP, fructose 1,6-BP
56
what is PFK inhibited by in the liver? and what is it activated by?
citrate, fructose 2,6-BP

BMSC 230 #2 (15 decks)

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