Module 2 (Molecular Basis of the Cell Cycle) Flashcards
This phase of the cell cycle is referred to as the resting stage, not because it is not doing anything, but simply because it is not undergoing cell division. So, during interphase, the cell is busy undergoing synthesis of cellular materials.
Interphase
Main function of G2 checkpoint
To check if all chromosomes are properly attached to mitotic spindle
This is the phase that occurs immediately after cell division when the daughter cells are half the size of the parent cell
Gap 1
During Gap 1, the small daughter cell undergoes synthesis of _________ for growth and normal functioning
cytoplasmic materials
Before any cell can undergo reproduction (division), the genetic material must first be replicated to ________ for both daughter cells. What stage of interphase is this?
ensure equal genetic material; S-phase
A cell that enters the S phase is committed to _____________
completing the cell cycle
During this stage, the cell completes its growth
Gap 2 (G2 Phase)
In Gap 2, it’s essential before finally undergoing cell division, the cell must first undergo ___________ for cell division
synthesis of materials
State all material synthesised in interphase; per stage.
Gap 1:
State all material synthesised in interphase; per stage.
Gap 1:
State all material synthesised in interphase; per stage.
Gap 1: synthesis of cytoplasmic materials
Gap 2: synthesis of the DNA
Gap 3: synthesis of materials for cell division
After G1, cells that divide slowly or cease dividing enter the what phase instead of the S phase?
Gap 0
in G0, the cell is not committed to enter division, thus can perform other functions. Give three.
- Transmission (neuron)
- Storage of Glucose (liver cells)
- Secretion (glandular cells)
The M – Phase is the division phase that involves _________ and _______
karyokinesis and cytokinesis
What process is the division of nucleus.
karyokinesis
What process is the division of cytoplasm.
cytokinesis
What are two types of karyokinesis
mitosis and meiosis
Type of karyokinesis that occurs in somatic (body) cells
Mitosis
What are the purposes of mitosis?
organismal growth and tissue repair
What are the end products of mitosis and their ploidy?
two daughter diploid cells
In animal cytokinesis, The plasma membrane forms a depression or cleft called _________,
cleavage furrow
In plant cytokinesis, A network of microtubules and microfilaments form a scaffold at the equatorial plane, called ________ to guide the assembly of vesicles from the Golgi apparatus. The vesicles called ________, contain phospholipids to form the new cell membrane and sugars to form the new ______.The vesicles fuse forming a single _______ that expands until it divides the cytoplasm, producing two daughter cells
a. phragmoplast;
b. phragmosomes;
c. cell wall
d.cell plate
Meiosis occurs in _________ and is responsible for ________ and ________ of species.
a. gametogenic cells;
b. organismal reproduction
c. perpetuation of species
Meiosis I is also known as ______ because the chromosome number is reduced from diploid to haploid after this division.
a. Reduction Division
