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BIOM1070 > Module 2 structural organisation > Flashcards

Module 2 structural organisation Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 8 divisions of anatomy?

A
  1. Regional: specific area and all of it’s layers
  2. systemic: whole systems
  3. surface: skin, landmarks and structures under skin to give physical form
  4. functional: organ working within it’s physiology
  5. comparitve: compare humans to other vertebrates
  6. developmental: how the body changes over its lifespan
  7. embryology: before birth
  8. pathological: disease
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2
Q

What constitutes an Anatomical Position?

A
  1. standing upright
  2. feet firmly on the floor, facing forward
  3. arms hanging by the side
  4. thumbs outward
  5. palms forward
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3
Q

how many degrees is the anatomical position?

A

0 degrees

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4
Q

why do we have the anatomical position?

A

so there’s a consistent position of the body so everyone observing the body understand what’s being described

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5
Q

what is the position of lying down, face up, palms down?

A

supine

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6
Q

what is the position of lying face down, palms up?

A

prone

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7
Q

what is in the axial region?

A
  1. head
  2. neck
  3. trunk
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8
Q

what is in the appendicular region?

A
  1. upper limbs
  2. lower limbs
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9
Q

what is the name of the cavity that holds the brain?

A

Cranial cavity

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10
Q

what is the name of the cavity that holds the spine?

A

vertebral cavity

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11
Q

what is the name of the cavity that is within the chest?

A

Thoracic cavity

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12
Q

what subsections are in the thoracic cavity?

A
  1. superior mediastinum
  2. pleural cavity
  3. pericardial cavity
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13
Q

what is the cavity below the chest but above the hips?

A

abdominal cavity

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14
Q

what is the cavity in the hips?

A

pelvic cavity

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15
Q

what does viscera mean?

A

organs

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16
Q

what is the term for toward the front of the body?

A

anterior

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17
Q

what is the term for away from the body?

A

Lateral

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18
Q

what is the term for above a point of reference?

A

superior or cranial

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19
Q

what is the term for below the point of reference?

A

inferior or caudal

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20
Q

what is the word for closer to the surface of the body?

A

superficial

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21
Q

what is the term for closer to the inside of the body?

A

deep

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22
Q

what is the term for towards the midline?

23
Q

what is the term for away from the midline?

24
Q

what is the term, in reference to appendages to be above a point of reference?

25
what is the term, in reference to appendages to be below a point of reference?
distal
26
what as the prefixes to lateral?
uni: one sided bi: 2 sided ipsi: 2 points, same side contra: 2 points, opposite side
27
what are the 4 major planes?
1. sagittal: cut in half to be a left and right 2. parasagittal: cut in half, unevenly to be a left and right 3. coronal (frontal): cut in half to have a front and back 4. transverse: cut in half superior to inferior
28
which axes pair to which planes?
sagittal plane-coronal axis coronal plane-sagittal axis transverse plane-longitudinal axis
29
where does movement occur?
within a plane and around an axis
30
how does the body move on the sagittal plane on the coronal axis?
forward and backward movement, along the plane, through the axis
31
how would you describe a flexion?
a movement through the sagittal plane that decreases the angle between 2 structures. e.g. moving the hand to the shoulder by keeping the elbow in the anatomical position.
32
how you you describe an extension?
a movement through the sagittal plane that increases the angle between 2 structures. e.g. placing a raised foot in front of you back into the anatomical position
33
how would you describe hyperextension?
a movement through the sagittal plane that goes through the midline of the plane and backwards e.g. leaning your head backwards
34
what is a dorsiflexion?
raising your toes above your heel
35
what is a plantarflexion?
stretching your toes below your heel so the dorsal of your foot and ankle are straight
36
how would you describe lateral flexion?
moving the axial region left to right through the sagittal plane
37
which plane and axis would you find lateral flexion?
coronal plane, sagittal axis
38
how would you describe abduction?
a movement through the coronal plane that moves away from the midline e.g. raising your arm above your head from the anatomical position
39
how would you describe adduction?
a movement through the coronal plane that moves towards from the midline e.g. lowering your arm from above your head back to the anatomical position
40
what is the correct term for spreading your fingers?
abduction
41
what is the term for placing your fingers together after they've been spread apart?
adduction
42
describe inversion
rotating the foot from the anatomical position towards the body so the blade of the foot it near the floor and the big toe is raised
43
describe eversion
rotating the foot from the anatomical position away from the body so the big toe is near the floor and the blade of the foot is raised
44
which plane and axis would your find lateral rotation?
within the transverse plane and longitudinal axis
45
describe lateral rotation
rotating a body part from the anatomical position, away from the midline e.g. moving a foot from the anatomical position to 90 degrees out to the right
46
describe medial rotation
rotating a body part back to the midline after it has been laterally rotated e.g. moving a foot pointing 90 degrees to the right back to anatomical position
47
describe rotation
moving the face from left to right through the longitudinal axis
48
describe supination in arms
when the hand and arm is in the anatomical position
49
describe pronation in arms
when the palm is backwards and the thumb towards the body
50
give an example of depression/elevation
shrugging your shoulders up: elevation down: depression
51
give an example of protraction and retraction
moving shoulders forward and backward shoulders hunched forwards: protraction shoulders pushed back, should blades close together: retraction
52
describe opposition
the movment of touching your fingers with your thumb
53
describe circumduction
forming a cone shaped movement with an appendage or head

BIOM1070 (23 decks)

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