Module 4: Musculoskeletal system: skeletal system

Question 1

how many bones do we have?

Answer 1

206

Question 2

what are the components of the skeletal system?

Answer 2

1. bones
2. cartilage
3. ligaments

Question 3

what is the funtion of the skeletal system?

Answer 3

1. support and protection
2. movement
3. storage
4. produce red blood cells in the bone marrow

Question 4

what are the 5 shapes of bones?

Answer 4

1. Long: humerus
2. flat: skull
3. short: carpals
4. irregular: vertebrae
5. sesamoid: patellar

Question 5

what are the 2 layers of bones?

Answer 5

1. compact: dense outer layer, resists and produces force
2. spongy: made of small trabeculae

Question 6

what is compact bone sandwiched between?

Answer 6

connective tissue membrane
1. periosteum
2. endosteum

Question 7

what is the periosteum?

Answer 7

a membrane that covers the outside of compact bone

Question 8

what is the endosteum?

Answer 8

a membrane that covers the inside of compact bone

Question 9

what are the features of long bone?

Answer 9

1. Epiphysis: very end of the bone
2. metaphysis: neck of bone
3. diaphysis: middle shaft of bone

Question 10

what is the diaphysis of the long bone?

Answer 10

the tubular shaft that forms the long axis

Question 11

what is the epiphysis of the long bone?

Answer 11

1. either end of the bones
2. it has a proximal and distal end
3. forms joints to create movement and levers

Question 12

what are bone markings?

Answer 12

site of muscle, ligament and tendon attachment on external surfaces

Question 13

what are openings on bones?

Answer 13

areas involved in joint formation or passages for vessels etc to pass through

Question 14

what is a crest on bones?

Answer 14

a thin ridge, illiac crest on hip bone

Question 15

what is tuberocity on bones?

Answer 15

large, rounded projection: ball joint

Question 16

what is an epicondyle?

Answer 16

raised area, found on femur

Question 17

what is a tubercle?

Answer 17

small round prjection, closer to the metaphysis on the femur

Question 18

what is a trochanter?

Answer 18

blunt, large, irregulas process

Question 19

what is a line on bones?

Answer 19

a narrow ridge

Question 20

what is a fossa on bones?

Answer 20

shallow depression

Question 21

what is a foramen?

Answer 21

opening for blood vessels

Question 22

how many bones does the axial skeleton have?

Answer 22

80 bones in 3 regions

Question 23

what are the 3 regions of the axial skeleton?

Answer 23

1. skull
2. vertebral column
3. thoracic cage: ribs, thoracic vertrbrae and sternum

Question 24

what is the function of the axial skeleton?

Answer 24

1. forms longitudinal axis of body
2. supports head, neck and trunk
3. protects brain, spinal cords and thoracic organs

Question 25

which systems does the skull accomodate?

Answer 25

1. first part of respitaroy 2. digestive

Question 26

what is the pterion?

Answer 26

spart of skull that that is above the ear, wealest part of the skull

Question 27

how many bones does the cranial region have?

Answer 27

8

Question 28

how many bones does the facial region have?

Answer 28

14

Question 29

list the 8 cranial bones

Answer 29

1. Frontal 2. sphenoid 3. ethmoid (in between the eyes, under the nose ridge) 4. temporal x2 6. occipital 7. parietal x2

Question 30

what are the 5 major regions of the vertebral column?

Answer 30

1. cervical 2. thoracic 3. lumbar 4. sacrum 5. coccyx

Question 31

how many bones are in each spinal region?

Answer 31

1. cervical - 7 (breakfast at 7) 2. thoracic - 12 (lunch at 12) 3. lumber - 5 (dinner at 5) 5. sacrum - 5 (fused into 1) 6. coccyx - 4 (fused into 1)

Question 32

what is the function of the vertebral column?

Answer 32

1. provides surface area for muscle attachement 2. supports and proects the spinal cord 3. positions the head 4. supports the upright position

Question 33

what are the 2 curvatures of the spine?

Answer 33

1. primary: thoracic and sacral (convex) 2. secondary: cervical and lumbar (concave)

Question 34

what are the 3 abnormal curvatures?

Answer 34

1. scoliosis (sideways) 2. kyphosis (hunchback) 3. lordosis (belly pushed out)

Question 35

what are the main features of rgw cervical vertebrae?

Answer 35

1. 7 of them 2. C1 is call atlas 3. C2 is called axis 4. has short bifid spinous process (except C7) 5. has a large vertbral foramen 6. has a small oval body

Question 36

what are the main features of the thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 36

1. 12 of them 2. large transverse process 3. spinious process is inferior 4. small vertebral foramen 5. heart shaped body 6. has facets for articulation to the ribs

Question 37

what are the main features of the lumbar vertebrae?

Answer 37

1. 5 of them 2. short, flat spinous process 3. small transverse process 4. triangular vertebral foramen 5. large body (weight bearing)

Question 38

what are the invertebral disks?

Answer 38

cushion like pads between the vertebrae that act as shock absorbers

Question 39

what are the 2 regions of the vertrbral column?

Answer 39

1. nucleus pulposus: inner gelatinous nucleus (elasticity) 2. anulus fibrosis ( outer collar composed of collagen and fibro cartilage

Question 40

how many ribs are there?

Answer 40

12 pairs

Question 41

how many true ribs are there?

Answer 41

7, ribs 1-7 are attached to the sternum directly

Question 42

how many false ribs are there?

Answer 42

5, ribs 8-12 are attached to 7, not the sternum

Question 43

what is the function of the ribs?

Answer 43

1. protects vital organs 2. supports shoulder girdles and upper limbs 3. attachment sites for muscles of neck, back, chest and shoulders

Question 44

what is the primary function of the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 44

to position the hand in space and have fine dextric movement

Question 45

what does the pectoral girdle do?

Answer 45

connects to the axial skeleteon and provides extra mobility

Question 46

what is the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 46

shoulder joint

Question 47

which bones in the appendicular body allow for length?

Answer 47

1. humerous 2. forearm 3. wrist 4. among others

Question 48

what is in the pectoral girdle?

Answer 48

1. clavical (collar bone) 2. scapula (bone on back of shoulder)

Question 49

how many bones in the upper limbs?

Answer 49

30 arm: humerus forearm: radius and ulna hand: 8 carpals, 5 metacarpals, 14 phalanges

Question 50

what are phalagnes and how many do we have on our upper limb?

Answer 50

our fingers, distal (finger tips) intermdiate (middle part of fingers) and proximal (part of fingers closet to palm) 14 bones, thumb only has 2

Question 51

how many bones of each do we have in our hand?

Answer 51

8 carpals (palm) 5 metacarpals (palm) 14 phalanges (fingers)

Question 52

what is the primary function of the lower limbs?

Answer 52

weight bearing and locomotion

Question 53

what are the bones of the lower limbs?

Answer 53

1. pelvic girdle 2. hip joint 3. femur 4. knee joint 5. patellar 6. tibia 7. fibula 8. ankle and foot

Question 54

what are the bones of the pelvic girdle?

Answer 54

1. sacrum and coccyx 2. ilium x2 (superior) 3. pubis x2 (inferiro to ilium and anterior) 3. ischium x2 (inferior and anterior to pubis)

Question 55

what are the features of the coxal bone?

Answer 55

1. ilium 2. pubis 3. ischium

Question 56

what are the bones of the foot called?

Answer 56

tarsals, same qty as carsals

Question 57

what is osteoperosis?

Answer 57

reduction in bone mass

Question 58

which biological gender is more likely to get oseoperosis?

Answer 58

females

Question 59

what can trigger osteoperosis?

Answer 59

menopause

Question 60

how can people with osteoperosis improve their symptoms?

Answer 60

resistance training