Module 2.4 Immune disorders Flashcards
(66 cards)
Primary Immune disorders
Congenital or inherited
Why are primary disorders increasing in number over time
increased awareness and diagnosis. NOT increased incidence.
Humoral Immunity
B-cells, antibody immunity
Cell Mediated Immunity
T-Cell
4 Major Categories of Immune system
Humoral
Cell-Mediated
Compliment System
Phagocytosis (bridge between innate and acquired)
B-cell immunodeficiency is associated with
Enteroviruses Streptococcus H. Influenzae Giardia lamblia (protozoa) NO FUNGALS
T-Cell Immunodeficiency is associated with
Herpes
Salmonella
Mycobacteria
Candida Albicans and many other fungal infections
Combined T-cell and B-cell immunodeficiency is associated with
All viruses
Neisseria Meningitis
Toxoplasmosis gondii
Allografts
from other people
Autografts
From self
Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy
transient deficiency in some infants. Causes recurrent pyrogenic illnesses
B-cell immunodeficiency is usually not associated viruses. Why? What’s the exception?
B-cells don’t engage with intracellular pathogens.
Exception: enteroviruses
What causes x-linked agammaglobulinemia
Pre-B Cells fail to migrate to lymphoid tissue resulting in no immunoglobulin production at all
DiGeorge Syndrome
Primary T-Cell Deficiency
Congenital heart disease
Hypocalcemia
Complete or partial failure of Thymus and parathyroid development.
Most common primary immunodeficiency
Primary Humoral (B-cell) deficiency. (70%)
Secondary Cell Mediated immunodeficiencies are caused by
Acute viral syndromes
some cancers
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCIDs)
X-linked inheritance
Combined T cell and B cell deficiency
Ataxia–telangiectasia
Autosomal Recessive Inheritance
Combined T cell and B cell deficiency
Ataxia–telangiectasia S/S
Occulocutaneous telangiectasis (big red vessels in eyes). Ataxia (kid cant walk when it's time to learn).
Ataxia-telangiectasis immune effects
T-Cell function unchanged but decreased in number
Deficiency in IgA IgE and IgG
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
X- Linked recessive (affects boys primarily)
Combined T cell and B cell deficiency
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome S/S
Thrombocytopenia
Recurrent Infections
Eczema
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Prognosis
life expectancy 15 years
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome immune effects
Low IgM
High IgA and IgE
Limited T-cell function which improves with time
