Module #3

Question 1

Where do trigger points most often form within a muscle?

Answer 1

At a motor point, center of the muscle

Question 2

What is the definition of summation?

Answer 2

The amount of stimuli needed to reach threshold stimulus

Question 3

What is the definition of threshold?

Answer 3

minimum amount of intensity a stimulus must reach to generate a nerve impulse

Question 4

What division of the nervous system contains the brain, spinal cord, cerebrospinal fluid, and meninges?

Answer 4

Central Nervous System

Question 5

What is the ratio for sodium and potassium? and how do they move?

Answer 5

3:2
3 sodium ions out for every 2 Potassium ions in

Question 6

What does the somatic nervous system control?

Answer 6

Skeletal Muscles

Question 7

The astrocytes form the

Answer 7

Blood Brain Barrier

Question 8

What are the four functions of the nervous system?

Answer 8

1. Motor Output
2. Sensory Input
   3.Integration
3. Emotional Reponsiveness

Question 9

What joint actions does the infraspinatus perform?

Answer 9

Lateral Rotation and adduction of shoulder at the glenohumeral joint

Question 10

which of the teres muscles is a synergist with Latissimus Dorsi?

Answer 10

Teres Major

Question 11

How many pairs of cranial nerves do we have?

Answer 11

12 Cranial Nerves

Question 12

How many pairs of spinal nerves do we have?

Answer 12

31 Spinal Nerves

Question 13

Which of the rotator cuff muscles attaches to the less tubercle of the humerus?

Answer 13

Subscapularis

Question 14

What are the five divisions of the spine?

Answer 14

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, and Coccygeal

Question 15

What actions can the scapula perform?

Answer 15

Downwardly Rotates
Upwardly Rotates
Adduction
Abduction
Depress
Elevate

Question 16

Elbow flexion is performed by what muscles?

Answer 16

Biceps Brachii and Brachioradialis

Question 17

How many joints does the biceps brachii cross?

Answer 17

3- Glenohumeral, Humeroulnar, Proximal Radioulnar Joints

Question 18

What head of the triceps brachii is most superficial?

Answer 18

Long Head

Question 19

What four muscles makes up the rotator cuff group?

Answer 19

Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Subscapularis

Question 20

What muscle is triangular in shape?

Answer 20

Deltoid

Question 21

What is a focal area of hyperirritability that is locally sensitive to pressure and can refer symptoms (usually
pain) to other areas of the body.

Answer 21

A trigger point

Question 22

What are the two classifications of trigger points?

Answer 22

Active and Latent

Question 23

True or False: Active TrPs may produce local or referred pain even when they are not compressed.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

True or False: A latent TrP is essentially at a less severe stage than an active TrP.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

A TrP may refer pain into what is called the ______ zone in addition to the primary referral zone.

Answer 25

Spillover Referral zone

Question 26

What are the main divisions of the nervous system?

Answer 26

Central Nervous System and Peripheral nervous system

Question 27

What are the two divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System?

Answer 27

Somatic Nervous system and autonomic Nervous system

Question 28

What division of the PNS is voluntary?

Answer 28

Somatic Nervous System

Question 29

Which one is consciously controlled: Somatic Nervous system or Autonomic Nervous system?

Answer 29

Somatic Nervous system

Question 30

What are the two subdivisions of the Autonomic nervous system?

Answer 30

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

Question 31

Which system has a fight of flight response?

Answer 31

Sympathetic Nervous System

Question 32

What system is the "housekeeping" system" and most active under calm conditions?

Answer 32

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Question 33

What two types are cells are in the Nervous System?

Answer 33

1. Neuroglia (glial cells) 2. Neurons (nerve cells)

Question 34

What are the Two types of Neuroglia located in the PNS?

Answer 34

Satellite cells & Schwann cells

Question 35

What direction do Axons transmit impulses?

Answer 35

Away from the body

Question 36

Where does a reflex process?

Answer 36

Spinal Cord

Question 37

Produced and maintained by active transport system called the

Answer 37

sodium-potassium pump

Question 38

Chemical messengers involved in nerve impulse transmission, which facilitate, stimulate, or inhibit

Answer 38

Neurotransmitters

Question 39

Meninges Layers from inner to outer

Answer 39

Pia Meter Arachnoid Dura Mater

Question 40

What is the nickname for the spinal cord?

Answer 40

The Information Highway

Question 41

What carries the sensory impulses to the brain and the motor impulses from the brain?

Answer 41

Spinal Cord

Question 42

Roughly how many neurons does the brain contain?

Answer 42

100 Billion

Question 43

What does the brain use for energy?

Answer 43

Glucose

Question 44

How much oxygen intake does the brain take?

Answer 44

20 percent

Question 45

Without oxygen, how long does it take cells to die?

Answer 45

1-2 Minutes

Question 46

What are the four major regions of the brain?

Answer 46

Cerebrum, Diencephalon, Cerebellum, Brainstem

Question 47

Which receptor Detects smells, tastes, and blood chemistry changes?

Answer 47

Chemoreceptors

Question 48

Which receptor detects touch, pressure, blood pressure, vibration, stretching, contraction, proprioception, sound, and equilibrium?

Answer 48

Mechanoreceptors

Question 49

Meissner, Ruffini’s, and Pacinian corpuscles and Krause end bulbs, Merkel discs, and hair root plexus are all kinds of what?

Answer 49

Touch and pressure Receptors

Question 50

Which receptors detect pain?

Answer 50

Nociceptors

Question 51

Which receptors detect tempterature?

Answer 51

Thermoreceptors