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BIOM1071 > Module 3 > Flashcards

Module 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Oogenesis

A

Growth of oocyte

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2
Q

folliculogenesis

A

growth of follicle that contains oocyte

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3
Q

primordal follicle

A

first stage of follicle development

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4
Q

preantral follicle

A

early growing of antral follicle

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5
Q

antral follicle

A

space in the follicle called antrum

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6
Q

corpus luteum

A

creates progesterone during pregnancy

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7
Q

gonadotropin

A

hormones release by anterior pituitary, act on gondas to increase sex hormone production

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8
Q

LH

A

produce theca cells

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9
Q

FSH

A

produce granulosa cells

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10
Q

Gnrh

A

repsonsible for rellease LH and FSH

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11
Q

HPG

A

hypothalamic pituitary gondal axis

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12
Q

theca cells

A

produced by LH, produce androgens

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13
Q

granulosa cells

A

prodced by FSH, converts androgens to estrogens

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14
Q

androgens

A

sex hormone

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15
Q

progesterone

A

maintains endometrium of uterus, supporting pregnancy

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16
Q

estrogen

A

promote oogenesis and ovulation

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17
Q

spematogenesis

A

production and maturation of sperm

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18
Q

spermiogenesis

A

spermatids to sperm

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19
Q

sertoli cell

A

nurse cells

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20
Q

leydig cells

A

steriodogenic

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21
Q

peritubular

A

functional compartment of testes that produces androgens

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22
Q

intratubular

A

functional compartment of testes that produces sperm

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23
Q

seminiferous tubules

A

production of sperm

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24
Q

ABP

A

keeps local concentration of testosterone high

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25
spermatogonia
stem cells (first stage of sperm production)
26
spermatocytes
after meiosis, type b daughter cells form into spermatocytes
27
spermatids
last stage before sperm
28
spermatozoa
sperm
29
rete testis
bundles of seminiferous tubules
30
efferent ductules
pathway between rete testis and epididymus
31
testosterone
male sex hormone
32
pampiniform plexus
heat exchange
33
infundibulum
where the newly ovulated oocyte is captured
34
ampulla
facilitation of fertilisation
35
isthmus
storage of sperm and transport of embryo to uterus
36
fibriae
little arms that grab on to oocyte
37
seminal plasma
90% of seminal fluid
38
seminal vesciles
produce 75% of seminal fluid
39
bulbo-urethral glands
produce some seminal fluid
40
prostate
at buttom of bladder
41
corpora cavernosa
column of erectile tissue- what causes an erection
42
corpus spongiosum
column of erectile tissue- around urethra
43
capcitation
prepares sperm to be fertilised
44
acrosome reaction
allows for potential to fuse with oocyte plasma membrane
45
zona pellucida
glycoprotein coating on oocyte
46
cortical reaction
one of the blocks to polyspermy: destroying of sperm binding receptors because Ca2+ surge causes ZP to harden
47
zygote
fertilisation of sperm and egg
48
morula
cluster of 16 cells
49
blastocyst
cluster of 100 cells
50
inner cell mass
embryoblast- forms the embryo
51
trophectoderm
trophoblast cells- forms the placenta
52
syncytiotrophoblast
outer layer on trophoblast cells
53
cytrophoblast
inner layer of cells on trophoblast cells
54
epiblast
inner fetus cells of embryoblasts
55
hypoblast
inner yolk sac of embryoblasts
56
Oocyte membrane block
Oocyte sperm binding receptors shed
57
progestin
synthetic progesterone
58
COC
combination oral contraceptive
59
POP
progesterone only pill
60
ART
assisted reproductive tehcnology
61
IVF
multiple egg implantation
62
ICSI
single sperm injection
63
PCOS
systs on ovaries
64
primary diploid
primary oocyte and spermatocyte
65
primary haploid
secondary oocyte and spermatocyte
66
Explain steps in spermatogenesis
Spermatagonium, (mitosis) Primary spermatocyte (meiosis l) Secondary spermatocyte (meiosis ll) Spermatid
67
Explain steps in Oogenesis
Oogenium (mitosis) Primary oocyte (meiosis l, arrested in prophase l) Primary oocyte (meiosis l completed, meiosis ll starts, arrested in metaphase ll) Secondary oocyte (meiosis ll completed) Oocyte
68
Stages of folliculogenesis
``` Primordial Primary Secondary Early antral Antral Ovulatory Corpus luteum ```
69
Hormones in IVF and what they do
FSH- follicle growth Progesterone- luteul support GnRH agonist - surpress ovulation HCG- promote oocyte maturation and ovulation, act as LH
70
Reasons for using POP
History of; - Hypertension - Stroke - DVT
71
Purpose of withdrawal bleeding on the pill
A pause in hormones causes a withdrawl of support for the endometrial lining, which causes a bleed. This is to act like a normal period and women keep taking the pill.
72
Causes of infertility in both genders
``` Males - Dilation of paniform plexus - increase temp = bad sperm - vas deferens blockage Female - ovarian disfunction - endocrine issues - implantation abnormalities ```
73
Why is ICSI becoming more popular
if males are having the fertility issues
74
Where in the uterine tube does fertilisation occur? What | does the infundibulum do?
Occurs in the Ampulla and the infundibulum grabs the oocyte.
75
Where does sperm maturation occur
epididymus
76
whats requried for sperm to be fertile
goes through capacitation
77
What initiates the acrosome reaction in sperm?
Ca 2+ surge
78
During fertilisation, what is required to preserve | euploidy in the newly formed zygote?
Ca 2+
79
Describe the cells within a blastocyst. Which cells will | form the fetus? Which cells will form the placenta?
Blastocyst contains Trophoblast (placenta forming) and Embryoblast. trophoblast - cytotrophoblast ( inner layer ) and syncitriotrophoblast ( outer layer ) Embryoblast - Epiblast (fetus) and Hypoblast (yolk sac).

BIOM1071 (7 decks)

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