Module 3 Connective tissue Part 3 Flashcards
(110 cards)
1
Q
Are found in areas of adjacent bones. They
are covered and held together firmly by
connective tissues
A
Joints
2
Q
The degree of movement between the bones
are defined by the
A
Joints
3
Q
Classification of joints
A
- Synarthroses
- Diarthroses
4
Q
it permits very limited
movements or no movement at all.
A
Synarthroses
5
Q
permits bone to move freely
examples: elbow and knee
A
Diarthroses
6
Q
Can be subdivided into cartilagenous and fibrous joints which depends on the tissues that binds the joints
A
Synarthroses
7
Q
Major subtypes of Synarthroses
A
- Synostoses
- Syndesmoses
- Symphyses
8
Q
bones are jointed only by bones. Does not
allow movement
A
Synostoses
9
Q
only dense connective tissue unites the
bones
A
Syndesmoses
10
Q
immobile joints. Ends are covered by pad
of fibrocartilage between articular cartilage
A
Symphyses
11
Q
example of Symphyses
A
Pubic symphysis
12
Q
examples of Synostoses
A
unite the skull bones of older adults
13
Q
example of Syndesmoses
A
posterior region of the sacroiliac
joints
14
Q
Proper alignment of the bones are maintained by the ligaments and capsule of dense connective tissue
A
Diarthroses
15
Q
Joint cavity sealed capsule that contains synovial
fluid.it is lined by specialized connective tissue
called synovial membrane
A
Diarthroses
16
Q
extends fold and villi to the
cavity and secretes synovial fluid which act as
lubricant
A
Synovial membrane
17
Q
came from plasma., with higher
concentration of hyaluronan
A
Synovial fluid
18
Q
secreted by the cells of synovial
membrane
A
Hyaluronan
19
Q
2 specialized cells in synovial membrane
A
- Macrophages
- Fibroblastic synovial cells or type B cells
20
Q
-like synovial cells or type A
cells
A
Macrophages
21
Q
derived from monocytes, remove wear -and –tear
debris from the synovial fluid
A
Macrophages
22
Q
Regulate inflammation that may take place in the
diarthrotic joints
A
Macrophages
23
Q
Produce lots of hyaluronan and extracellular
components
A
Fibroblastic synovial cells or type B cells
24
Q
Lubricates the joints to reduce friction, supplies
oxygen and nutrients to the articular cartilage
A
Fibroblastic synovial cells or type B cells
25
Specialized type of connective tissue
1. Cartilage
2. Bone
3. Blood
26
Rbc production
Erythropoiesis
27
Hormone that stimulates the rbc production
Erythropoietin
28
Produced by the kidney
Erythropoietin
29
Decreased number of circulating rbc
Erythrocytopenia
30
Decreased in oxygen carrying capacity of rbc
Anemia
31
Not a disease but a symptom
Anemia
32
Rbc is bigger than its normal size
Macrocytic
33
Rbc is smaller than its normal size
Microcytic
34
Rbc in normal size
Normocytic
35
Variation in rbc shape
Poikilocytosis
36
Variation in rbc size
Anisocytosis
37
Rbc appearing darker than normal due to increased hgb content
Hyperchromic
38
Rbc appearing paler due to decreased hgb
Hypochromic
39
Rbc with normal hgb content
Normochromic
40
Specialized Type of Connective tissue
C. Blood
1. Erythropoiesis
2. Erythropoietin
3. Erythrocytosis
4. Erythrocytopenia
5. Anemia.
6. Macrocytic
7. Microcytic
8. Normocytic
9. Poikilocytosis
10. Anisocytosis
11. Hyperchromic
12. Hypochromic
13.Nomochromic
41
is pumped by the rhythmic contractions
of the heart flowing in a single direction at a
close circuit called circulatory system.
Blood
42
A specialized connective tissue has
fluid extracellular matrix known as plasma, with
suspended cellular elements
43
General function of specialized Type of Connective tissue
C. Blood
1. Transport
2. Maintain/regulate-Homeostasis
3. Serve as body’s defense mechanism against
infection
44
Specialized type of CT
C. Blood
Transports
– oxygen & carbon dioxide
– nutrients to tissues and organs
– hormones to target organs
45
Specialized type of CT
C. Blood
Maintain/regulate-homeostasis
– water, acid-base balance
– body temp
– degree of irritability of tissues
46
Specialized type of CT
C. Blood
Characteristics
1.pH- slightly basic ( 7.35-7.45)
2. Higher density & viscosity than water
3. Blood volume is around 8% of total body
weight
4. Blood is composed of 55% plasma and
45% cellular elements
47
Why does specialized Type of Connective tissue
Blood have Higher density & viscosity than water
due to formed elements
48
Blood total body weight to
Male?
Female?
Male 5-6 liters
female 4-5 liters
49
Specialized type of CT
C. Blood
Components
1. Liquid components
2. Formed components
50
2 types of liquid components
1. Plasma
2. Serum
51
colorless fluid & 90% H2O
Plasma
52
Components of plasma
Components: water, Inorganic salts (Na, Ca, Mg,
K, Cl2, PO4, BiCO3) & plasma proteins (Albumin,
Globulin & fibrinogen)
Gases: N, H, O2
53
The fluid matrix of whole blood
Plasma
54
liquid portion of clotted blood w/o fibrinogen
Serum
55
Contains growth factors and other proteins
released by the platelets during clotting process
Serum
56
3 types of formed elements
1. Erythrocytes or Red blood cells
2. Leukocytes or White blood cells
3. Thrombocytes or Platelets
57
Erythrocytes
MATURATION TIME?
SURVIVAL TIME
3-5 DAYS
120 DAYS
58
GRANULOCYTES
MATURATION TIME?
SURVIVAL TIME
5-6 DAYS
Neutrophil- 1-4 days
Eosinophils- 1-2 weeks
Basophils- Several months
59
MONOCYTES
MATURATION TIME?
SURVIVAL TIME
5-6 DAYS
HOURS-YEARS
60
LYMPHOCYTES
MATURATION TIME?
SURVIVAL TIME
variable
(days-hours)
HOURS - YEARS
61
PLATELETS
MATURATION TIME?
SURVIVAL TIME
4-5 DAYS
10
62
Characteristic of Erythrocytes
Biconcave disc (6-8μ in diameter)
Formed in the bone marrow
Non-nucleated
Ave life span of 30-120days
63
Oxygen binding pigment responsible for the
transport of most O2 in the body
Hemoglobin
64
Compound of iron and protein
Hemoglobin
65
Combined readily with O2 to form oxyhemoglobin
Hemoglobin
66
Hemoglobin combines with O2
Oxyhemoglobin
67
Characteristic of
Leukocytes or white blood cells
Has nucleus and cytoplasm
68
Types of leukocytes
1. Granulocytes
2. Agranulocytes
68
Types of leukocytes
1. Granulocytes
2. Agranulocytes
69
Types of Agranulocytes
1. Lymphocyte
2. Monocytes
69
Types of Granulocytes
1. Neutrophil
2. Eosinophil
3. Basophil
4. Stab or band or staff cell
70
Cytoplasmic characteristics of neutrophil
With fine lilac-pink granules diffusedly distributed
* Granules do not lie in over the nucleus
71
Nuclear characteristics of neutrophil
Nuclear lobes connected by thin filaments
* Coarse and clumped chromatin
72
Has active role in the phagocytosis of
bacteria and other small particles
Neutrophil
73
Usually the first leukocyte to arrive
at the site of infection
Neutrophil
74
Cytoplasmic characteristics of Eosinophil
Reddish-orange large granules
* Granules do not lie in over the nucleus
75
Nuclear characteristics of Eosinophil
Nuclear usually segmented 2 lobes
* Coarse and clumped chromatin
76
Helps in killing parasitic worm or helminths
with the help of Major Basic Protein that is
present in eosinophil together with
eosinophil peroxdase and other enzymes and
toxins
Eosinophil
77
Modulates inflammatory responses through
releasing of chemokines, lipid mediators and
cytokines
Eosinophil
78
Has important role in inflammatory
response due to allergies
Eosinophil
79
Cytoplasmic characteristics of Basophil
* Bluish-black with variable size granules
* Granules unevenly distributed and lie in over
the nucleus
80
Nuclear characteristics of Basophil
Nucleus is indistinct
* Unsegmented or bilobed nucleus
81
Release heparin, histamine &
peroxidase
Basophil
82
Involved in intermediate & delayed
hypersensitivity reaction
Basophil
83
Cytoplasmic characteristics of Stab or band or staff cell
Similar to neutrophil with lilac granules
* Indentation is not more than ½ of the total cell
width of cell’s indent point
84
Nuclear characteristics of Stab or band or staff cell
Nucleus is curved, elongated or sausage shaped
85
Cytoplasmic characteristics of small or typical lymphocytes
* Sky blue
* Small amount with darkest blue cytoplasm
* Lacking granules
86
Nuclear characteristics of small or typical Lymphocytes
* Nucleus is compact, large, round
* Almost occupies entire cell
87
Cytoplasmic characteristics of big or atypical Lymphocytes
Sky blue
* Abundant cytoplasm
88
Nuclear characteristics of big or atypical Lymphocytes
* Nucleus is immature looking with fine chromatin
89
Has different roles in immune
defense from invading
microorganisms, some parasites and
abnormal cells
Lymphocytes
90
Cytoplasmic characteristics of Monocytes
* Blue gray cytoplasm
91
Nuclear characteristics of Monocytes
* Single nucleus ,partially lobulated, deeply
indented or horseshoe shaped
Chromatin are fine parallel strands
92
Precursor of macrophages and cells in
connective tissues like osteoclast,
microglia
Monocytes
93
Monocyte-derived cells serves as
antigen presenting cells which is
important role in immune response
Monocytes
94
Irregular fragments of cells formed in the
bone marrow
Thrombocytes
95
Thrombocytes is from a much larger cell called
Megakaryocytes
96
Non- nucleated and difficult to count
Thrombocytes
97
Lightest element of blood
Thrombocytes
98
Adhere easily on surface
Thrombocytes
99
– Easily disintegrates
Thrombocytes
100
Maintain the integrity of BV
Thrombocytes
101
Forms hemostatic plugs to stop blood
loss from injury vessels
Thrombocytes
102
Releases serotonin
Thrombocytes
103
2-4μm in diameter
Thrombocytes
104
Cell size-14-20 um
Monocytes
105
Cell size- 12-15 um
Big or atypical lymphocyte
106
– Cell size- 6-10 um
Small or typical lymphocyte
107
Cell size- 10-15 um
1. Neutrophil
2. Eosinophil
3. Stab or band or staff cell
108
Cell size- 10-14 um
Basophil
