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Reviewer Histology Lecture > Module 4 Muscular Tissue > Flashcards

Module 4 Muscular Tissue Flashcards

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1
Q

Bundle of muscle fiber

A

Fascicle

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2
Q

thread like structures w/
contractile function

A

Myofibrils

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3
Q

finer structure inside myofibrils

A

Myofilaments

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4
Q

dense CT, surrounds whole muscle

A

Epimysium

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5
Q

thinner covering around fascicle or
a bundle of muscle fiber

A

Perimysium

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6
Q

delicate layer of reticular fibers
around each muscle fiber

A

Endomysium

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7
Q

cytoplasm of a muscle fiber
(acidophilic)

A

Sarcoplasm

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8
Q

plasma membrane of a muscle cell

A

Sarcolemma

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9
Q

linear unit, basic functional unit
of myofibril

A

Sarcomeres

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10
Q

granules in the sarcoplasm (under
EM is actually mitochondria)

A

Sarcosome

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11
Q

endoplasmic reticulum,
membranous sacs which encircles
each myofibril

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)

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12
Q

Muscular Tissues: General Characteristics:

A
  1. Cells elongated (called fibers)
  2. Sarcoplasm
  3. Plasma membrane
  4. Acidophilic staining
  5. Contraction depends on
    myofilaments

6.Cells held together by loose areolar
Connective Tissue containing blood
vessels and nerves

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13
Q

appears fibular
due to myofibrils

A

Sarcoplasm

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14
Q

Muscular Tissues: General Functions:

A
  1. Movement
  2. Posture maintenance
  3. Joint stabilization
  4. Heat generation
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15
Q

skeletal and smooth muscle aid in movement of
bones and fluids

A

Movement

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16
Q

skeletal muscles contract to maintain the body
position

A

Posture maintenance

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17
Q

tendons that cross over stabilize joint as the
muscle tone (constant low level contraction)
places tension on the tendon

A

Joint stabilization

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18
Q

muscular contractions generate heat influencing
body temperature

A

Heat generation

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19
Q

Muscular Tissues: Special Functions:

A
  1. Contractility (able to contract)
  2. Extensibility (able to extend)
  3. Excitability (able to become excitable)
  4. Elasticity
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20
Q

when long cells shorten simultaneously, pulling force is
created, contracts the muscle reduce overall size then
cause movement or stabilization

A

Contractility

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21
Q

at the end of contraction, muscle may return to
original length by relaxing or extending with the aid of
opposing muscle

A

Extensibility

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22
Q

muscle cells respond to nerve impulses

A

Excitablity

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23
Q

Recoils (back to it’s normal size) after stretch

A

Elasticity

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24
Q

Muscular Tissues: Composition

A
  1. Muscle fibers
  2. Loose areolar CT
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25
outermost layer, a sheath of dense connective tissue (CT) externally surrounds the entire muscle
Epimysium
26
a sheath of fibrous CT surrounding fascicles
Perimysium
27
a sheath of reticular fibers surrounding the bundles within the fascicles
Endomysium
28
intercellular substance that held together muscle fibers
Loose areolar CT
29
Types of Muscle tissue
1. Skeletal muscle 2. Smooth muscle 3. Cardiac muscle
30
somatic striated and voluntary muscles
Skeletal muscle
31
Have Intercalated disk striated involuntary muscles
Cardiac muscle
32
plain/visceral or non-striated/involuntary muscles
Smooth muscle
32
plain/visceral or non-striated/involuntary muscles
Smooth muscle
33
walls of hollow organs
Smooth muscle
34
only in the wall of the heart
Cardiac muscle
35
Attach to and move skeleton
Skeletal muscle
36
It is 40% of body weight
Skeletal muscle
37
Fibers = multinucleate cells (embryonic cells fuse)
Skeletal muscle
38
Cells obviously striated *Contractions are voluntary
Skeletal muscle
39
It is spindle or fusiform shaped
Smooth muscle
40
not branched and no striations
Smooth muscle
41
Cells somewhat compact in arrangement
Smooth muscle
42
It has very scanty intercellular subs (has least amount of Loose areolar CT)
Smooth muscle
43
Few long slender mitochondria
Smooth muscle
44
Scanty ribosomes and ER *
Smooth muscl
45
Scanty ribosomes and ER *
Smooth muscle
46
Sarcolemma showing pinocytic vesicles
Smooth muscle
47
Single nucleus - bulging and centrally located
Smooth muscle
48
Myofibrils of smooth muscle IS
non-stiriated
49
myofilaments of smooth muscle
not distinct
50
cannot consciously control movement
Involuntary
51
very slow and sustained Is very fatigue resistant
Contraction
52
Distribution of smooth muscle
mainly in the walls of hollow visceral organs -In blood vessels: walls of vein and arteries -In reproductive and glandular systems -in digestive and urinary systems: -In integumentary system
53
smooth muscle In blood vessels: walls of vein and arteries
To regulate blood pressure and flow
54
smooth muscle in reproductive and glandular systems
To produce movements
55
Smooth muscle in digestive and urinary systems:
- forms internal sphincters of anus - produces contractions
56
What causes goose bumps?
Arrestores pitorum or arrector pili muscles
57
Smooth muscle distribution and its MAJOR LOCATION
1. Inside the eye 2. Respiratory tubes 3. Urinary organs 4. Reproductive organs 5. Digestive organs 6. Walls of vessels
58
NEED BASAHIN THIS
Lining of hollow visceral organs * the walls of the digestive system ex. stomach, bladder, respiratory passages * Middle to lower part of esophagus * Walls of ducts and glands associated with alimentary tract * Walls of respiratory passages (trachea to alveolar ducts urinary & genital ducts) * Walls of arteries, veins & larger lymphatics * Spleen * Arrestores pitorum or arrector pili muscle (goose flesh) * Iris & ciliary body of the eye concerned with accomodation, constriction & dilation of pupil * Areola of mammary gland * Subcutaneous tissue of scrotum
59
Smooth Muscle: Functions MAJOR
To alter activity of various body parts to meet needs of the body
60
SMOOTH MUSCLE: FUNCTIONS SPECIFIC
1. Contraction of the bladder 2. Move food through the intestines (peristalsis) 3. Peristaltic movement to move feces down the digestive system 4. Contraction of smooth muscle in the trachea and bronchi w/c decreases the size of the airways 5. Constriction and dilation of blood vessels 6. Constriction, accomodation and dilation of pupil 7. Uterine contraction during birthing
61
It has characteristics of both skeletal and smooth muscle
CARDIAC MUSCLE
62
Contractions lasts longer than a skeletal muscle twitch
CARDIAC MUSCLE
63
It depends on aerobic respiration to generate ATP
CARDIAC MUSCLE
64
It is very fatigue resistant
CARDIAC MUSCLE
65
Activation of cardiac muscle is
INVOLUNTARY LIKE SMOOTH MUSCLE
66
CARDIAC MUSCLE HAS
INTERCELATED DISK
67
CELLS OF CARDIAC MUSCLE
Single spherical centrally located nucleus (Branches have no nucleus)
68
CARDIAC MUSCLE THAT SERVE AS junction between cardiac cells
intercalated disk of Eberth
69
FIBERS OF CARDIAC MUSCLE (SHAPE)
elongated ,branches, w/ numerous areolar CT
70
FIBERS THAT IS IN CARDIAC MUSCLE
Myofibrils striated w/ distinct actin & myosin
71
CARDIAC MUSCLE DISTRIBUTION
Muscle layer of the heart o Walls of the aorta, vena cava and pulmonary vessels
72
Muscle layer of the heart
MYOCARDIUM
73
FUNCTION OF CARDIAC MUSCLE
To provide the contractile activity of the heart
74
IT IS A SPECIAL FUNCTION UNIT OF HEART
Conduction System of the Heart
75
responsible for generating and conducting electrical impulses for the heart
CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART
76
cause heart to contract and pump blood throughout the body
CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART
77
HEART IS Made up of 5 elements
1. Sino-atrial (SA) 2. Atrio-ventricular (AV) node 3. Bundle of His 4. Left and right bundle branches 5. Purkinje fiber node
78
DISCOVERS SINOATRIAL NODE OR THE Pacemaker
, Node of Keith & Flack
79
Located below the epicardium at the junction of superior vena cava & right atrium
SINOATRIAL NODE
80
DISCOVER ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE
NODE OF TAWARA
81
Located below the endocardium, on the lower part of the interatrial septum
ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE
82
Delays cardiac impulses from sinoatrial node to allow atria to contract and empty the contents first
ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE
83
Relays cardiac impulses to the atrioventricular bundle
ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE
84
bundle of fibers located within the septum of the heArt
ATRIOVENTRICULAR BUNDLE OF HIS
85
Carries cardiac impulses down the septum to ventricles via the Purkinje fibers
ATRIOVENTRICULAR BUNDLE
86
The right bundle carries nerve impulses, cause contraction of right ventricle
LEFT AND RIGHT BUNDLE BRUNCHES
87
Left bundle carries nerve impulses that cause contraction of left ventricle
LEFT AND RIGHT BUNDLE FIBERS BRUNCHES
87
Located beneath the endocardium on either side of the cardiac septum
PURKINJE FIBERS
88
Relays cardiac impulses to ventricular cells causing ventricle contraction
PURKINJE FIBERS
89
CHARACTERISTICS OF PURKINJE FIBER
- Pale in color * Fewer branches, nuclei, striations * Bigger in diameter * Shorter in size * Lies in abundant amount of loose areolar connective tissue
90
CELLS OF SKELETAL MUSCLE
elongated cells that do not branch  w/ larger diameter  Nucleus: appears multinucleated  Flattened and peripherally located
91
FIBERS OF SKELETAL MUSCLE
Myofibrils are striated  W/ distinct myofilaments (actin & myosin)  Moderate amount of Loose Areolar CT  Without intercalated disk
92
myofibrils grouped into parallel bundles longitudinally
 “Kollicker’s Column”:
93
3 TYPES OF SKELETAL FIBERS
-RED FIBERS -WHITE FIBERS OR FAST MUSCLE FIBER -INTERMEDIATE FIBER
94
slow twitch high oxidative fibers
RED FIBERS
95
Appears red due to presence of muscle pigment
MYOGLOBIN
96
Have smaller diameter & sarcoplasm (IT HAS about half OF the diameter of fast fibers)
RED FIBERS
97
Contain numerous large sarcosomes
RED FIBERS
98
Rich blood supply > higher oxygen supply
RED FIBERS
99
According to function, contracts more slowly so fatigue less quickly (running)
RED MUSCLE
100
take ~3x as long to reach peak tension after stimulation
RED FIBERS
101
MANY MITOCHONDIRA
RED FIBERS
102
Energy source OF RED FIBERS
: oxidative phosphorylation
103
CHARACTERISTIC OF White Fibers / Fast Muscle Fibers
Larger diameter o Pale due to less pigmeNT o With smaller, functional sarcosome o Poor blood supply - MOST COMMON - VERY FEW MITOCHONDIRA -CONTAINS DENSELY PACKED MYOFIBRILS
104
Pale due to less pigment
(Less myoglobin)
105
reach peak twitch tension in 0.01 sec or less after stimulation
WHITE FIBERS OR FAST MUSCLE FIBER
106
Similar with red fibers but with smaller sarcosome
INTERMEDIATE FIBER
107
Contracts faster so fatigue more quickly
WHITE FIBERS OR FAST MUSCLE FIBER
108
ENERGY SOURCE OF WHITE FIBERS OR FAST MUSCLE FIBERS
anaerobic glycolysis (w/ large glycogen reserves
109
embryonic cells that fuse to develop muscle fibers
MYOBLAST
110
unfused cells that remain in adult skeletal muscle
MYOSATELLITE CELLS
111
Dense sheet or broad band of irregular connective tissue that surrounds muscles
FASCIA
112
plasma membrane of a muscle fiber surrounding the sarcoplasm (cytoplasm) containing mitochondria, and myofibrils
SARCOLEMMA
113
transverse tubule encircling a myofibril, storing calcium for muscle contraction
SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM
114
cylindrical bundles of myofilaments
MYOFIBRILS
115
LIE PARALLEL TO ONE ANOTHER
MYOFIBRILS
116
responsible for muscle fiber contraction
myofibrils
117
protein filaments
myofilaments
118
organization of these produce alternating light/dark bands
MYOFILAMENTS
119
IF MYOFILAMENTS IS THIN IT IS COMPOSED OF
PRIMARILY ACTIN
120
IF MOFILAMENT IS THIC IT IS COMPOSED OF
PRIMARILY MYOSIN
121
Repeating functional units of myofilaments responsible for muscle contraction
SARCOMERES
122
approximately 10,000 end to end in a myofibril
SARCOMERES
123
Contain: thick/thin filaments, proteins
SARCOMERES
124
differences in size, density, and distribution account for the banded appearance
SARCOMERES
125
IN SARCOMERES Dark bands ARE
A BANDS
126
IN SARCOMERES LIGHT BANDS ARE
I BANDS
127
Separate one sarcomere from the next
Z discs/Z band (telophragma)
128
Thick and thin filaments overlap one anotheR
Z discs/Z band (telophragma)
129
Darker middle part of the sarcomere
A band (Anisotropic)
130
Lighter, has thin filaments but no thick filaments
I band (isotropic)
131
Center of each A band which contains thick but no thin filaments
H zone/H band (intermediate disc of Hensen)
132
Supporting proteins that hold the thick filaments together in the H zone
M line/M band (Mesophragma)
133
Myofibrils are built from three kinds of proteins
1. CONTRACTILE PROTEIN 2. REGULATORY PROTEIN 3. STRUCTURAL PROTEIN
134
Myofibrils are built from three kinds of proteins
1. CONTRACTILE PROTEIN 2. REGULATORY PROTEINS 3. STRUCTURAL PROTEIN
135
Generate force during contraction
CONTRACTILE PROTEIN
136
Switch the contraction process on and off
REGULATORY PROTEINS
137
Align the thick and thin filaments properly
STRUCTURAL PROTEINS
138
Provide elasticity and extensibility
STRUCTURAL PROTEIN
139
Link the myofibrils to the sarcolemma
STRUCTURAL PROTEIN
140
Functions as a motor protein which can achieve motion
MYOSIN
141
Convert ATP to energy of motion
MYOSIN
142
Projections of each myosin molecule protrude outward
MYOSIN HEAD
143
THICK FILAMENTS? THIN FILAMENTS?
MYOSIN ACTIN
144
molecules provide a site where myosin head attach
ACTIN
145
iT IS also part of the thin filament
Tropomyosin and troponin
146
Strands of tropomyosin cover the myosin- binding sites
ACTIN
147
Stabilize the position of myosin
TITIN
148
2 STRUCTURAL PROTEINS OF SKELETAL MUSCLE
TITIN DYSTROPHIN
149
accounts for much of the elasticity and extensibility of myofibrils
TITIN
150
Links thin filaments to the sarcolemma
DYSTROPHIN
151
BABY!! BASAHIN MO TONG THEORY NI HUXLEY THE SLIDING THEORY OF HUXLEY NEED BASAHIN TO HA <3 -PAEZ
OKAY SABI MO BABY EH fiber is stimulated to contract * actin and myosin filaments react by past sliding by each other but w/ no change of length o Thick myosin strand in A band is stationary o Thin actin filament attached to Z discs extend further into A band o May eventually obliterate the H line o The thin filaments attached to Z disc drawn toward each other o Sarcomeres are compressed, myofibrils shortened and contraction occurs o Note: contraction occur not because of shortening but due to increase in the overlap b/w filaments
152
SKELETAL MUSCLE DISTRIBUTION
-WIDELY DISTRIBUTED -Tongue & upper part of the esophagus
153
attached to entire skeletal system of the body
external urethra & external anal sphincter
154
lower part is involuntary in nature
Tongue & upper part of the esophagus
155
although unattached to the skeletal system, it is classified as striated voluntary
Tongue & upper part of the esophagus
156
Similar with red fibers but with smaller sarcosome
Intermediate fiber
157
Speed of contraction is comparable to that of the white fibers
Intermediate fiber
158
is blocked from binding to actin
Myosin

Reviewer Histology Lecture (4 decks)

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