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Philosophy > Module 3: Doing Philosophy > Flashcards

Module 3: Doing Philosophy Flashcards

1
Q

According to him, Philosophy begins with wonder.

A

Aristotle

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2
Q

How do we express our wonder?

A

By asking questions

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3
Q

We are Doing Philosophy when…

A

We ask questions

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4
Q

It is continually engaging in asking, answering, and arguing questions.

A

Doing Philosophy

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5
Q

Philosophers are concerned with a wide range of issues, which includes

A

certainty, causalty, and ethics

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6
Q

What is the first major question of Philosophy?

A

The Question of Reality

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7
Q

The state of existence of thing independent of human consciousness.

A

Reality

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8
Q

Includes physical things that we feel, taste, and smell, as well as things we cannot easily perceive and comprehend

A

Reality

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9
Q

2 various category of reality

A

Concrete and abstract

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10
Q

Branch of Philosophy which addresses questions regarding reality

A

Metaphysics

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11
Q

Focuses on the classification of existing things

A

Ontology

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12
Q

4 topics of reality

A

concept of time
the nature of the universe
space
nature of the human being

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13
Q

The second major focus of philosophical investigation

A

Question of certainty

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14
Q

Refers to a perfect knowledge that is free error or doubt

A

Certainty

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15
Q

Central concept related in the question of certainty

A

Truth

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16
Q

Related to the question of certainty

A

“Concept of knowledge”
“The means by which human is able to know”

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17
Q

Theory in knowledge which believes that knowledge is a priori knowledge

A

Rationalism

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18
Q

based on pure reasoning without the benefit of experience

A

priori knowledge

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19
Q

theory which considers knowledge to be a posteriori knowledge

A

empiricism

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20
Q

knowledge gained from experience

A

posteriori knowledge

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21
Q

questions the certainty of established doctrines or truths and believes that the mind has limits in perceiving an understanding reality — thus all knowledge is uncertain

A

skepticism

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22
Q

branch of philosophy which deals with the nature and extent of knowledge

A

epistemology

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23
Q

the cause of events and phenomena

A

causalty

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24
Q

closely related to the concept of causalty

A

questions regarding the origin of things

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25
Q

important concept related to causalty

A

purpose, agency, and determinism

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26
Q

;explanation of a thing’s function or goal
;reason for a thing existence

A

purpose

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27
Q

capacity of man to control or govern his actions

A

agency

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28
Q

an important perspective regarding causalty and agency

A

determinism

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29
Q

shows that each event is determined or influenced by specific set of events or factors

A

determinism

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30
Q

refers to a pre-determined course of events leading to a specific outcome or future

A

destiny

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31
Q

branch of philosophy that studies causality

A

etiology

32
Q

branch which deals with the question of purpose

A

teleology

33
Q

the final significant question or problem that philosophy tackles

A

questions of ethics

34
Q

deals with the standards of right and wrong, which defines human behavior

A

ethics

35
Q

field of study that discusses and defines the concepts and principles which are meant to govern reasoning and action

A

ethics

36
Q

important concepts related to ethics

A

right and wrong
the greater good
duty
obligation
virtue

37
Q

branch that seeks to apply and analyze these concepts in various situations, context, and culture, and recommends guidelines that will govern the decisions and actions of people

A

ethics or moral philosophy

38
Q

5 methods and tools of philosophers in their philosophical studies

A

systematic doubt
argument
socratic method
axiom
occam’s razor

39
Q

method that implies the suspension of belief about absolutely everything

A

systematic doubt

40
Q

according to him, the only thing that he cannot doubt is that, he is doubting, he is thinking, and therefore, must exist

A

Descartes

41
Q

Cogito ergo sum

A

I think, therefore, I am

42
Q

constitutes of a premise and conclusion

A

argument

42
Q

claim the arguments intend to give a reason for believing

A

conclusions

42
Q

engage in discussions and debate on their ideas, various perspectives are taken into consideration and examined

A

argument

43
Q

taken together supports the reason for believing its conclusion

A

premise

44
Q

also known as the elenchus or elenctic method

A

socratic method

45
Q

form of cooperative argumentative dialogue, between individuals, which is based on asking and answering questions in order to encourage critical thinking and to draw out ideas and underlying presuppositions

A

socratic method

46
Q

an established rule or principle or self-evident truth

A

axiom

47
Q

statement of proposition that NEEDS NO PROOF because the truth is obvious, or one that is accepted as true without proof

A

axiom

48
Q

problem-solving device which employed in analyzing possible explanations regarding a phenomenon

A

occam’s razor

49
Q

among possible explanations, the one with the least assumption is the most acceptable

A

occam’s razor

50
Q

practical uses of philosphy

A
  1. requires a person to engage in analysis and interpretation
  2. problem-solving and decision making
  3. good communicator
  4. wisdom
  5. self-development
51
Q

the ability to apply knowledge to daily life

A

wisdom

52
Q

capacity for inquiry, critical thinking, and reflection

A

self-development

53
Q

everyone sees and interprets the world in their own unique way

A

perspective

54
Q

FACTORS how we perceive this phenomenon and organize our beliefs and ideas

A
  1. family
  2. education
  3. social environment
  4. upbringing
55
Q

there are 2 ways we “look at things”

A

partial point of view
holistic perspective

56
Q

defined as the stance or point-of-view from which something is considered or evaluated
referred to as partial thinking

A

point-of-view

57
Q

has narrow focus and often overlooks the role that the part plays in the overall operation

A

partial thinking

58
Q

relating to or concerned with wholes or complete systems rather than analyzing, treating, or dissecting into pieces

A

holistic way of thinking

59
Q

watching things from a macro-perspective

A

holistic way of thinking

60
Q

useful from a philosophical standpoint, but only to a certain extent

A

partial thinking

61
Q

what is expected of us when addressing issues and concerns related to human experience

A

holistic approach

62
Q

concerned with looking at and thinking about our experiences, action, feelings, and responses, and then interpreting or analyzing them in order to learn from them

A

reflection

63
Q

reflection is the act of devoting time to contemplating the meaning and purpose of one’s life

A

Marcel

64
Q

2 kinds of philosophical reflection

A

primary reflection
secondary reflection

65
Q

investigate objects through abstraction, dissecting, and breaking in down into its constituent parts

A

primary reflection

66
Q

tends to dissolve the unity of experience of an object being reflected on

A

primary reflection

67
Q

associated with partial point of view because it is fragmented and compartmentalized

A

primary reflection

68
Q

synthetic and seeks to unite rather than divide

A

secondary reflection

69
Q

recreates the unity of the original experience by collecting what primary reflection has dissected

A

secondary reflection

69
Q

attempts to recover the unity of experience

A

secondary reflection

70
Q

allows us to think in a more holistic manner “big picture”

A

secondary reflection

71
Q

allows us to see connections and relations of people, places, events, actions, and its effects

A

reflection

72
Q

critical philosophical process for ensuring that our choices, decisions, and actions are well thought out and taken into account the implications and consequences

A

reflection

Philosophy (4 decks)

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