Module 3 - Neonatal

Question 1

physical development of the neonate is characterised by significant change in?

Answer 1

weight, length, head growth, vision, motor development

Question 2

which clinical tool shows growth for breastfed infants?

Answer 2

WHO Child Growth Standards

Question 3

which clinical tool shows a combined growth pattern for formula-fed AND breastfed infants?

Answer 3

CDC Growth Chart

Question 4

weight at birth

Answer 4

2.7-3.8kg

Question 5

average birth weight for non-indigenous newborns

Answer 5

3.36kg

Question 6

average birth weight for indigenous newborns

Answer 6

3.2kg

Question 7

how much weight do infants lose after birth and why is this?

Answer 7

5-10% of birth weight, fluid loss

Question 8

weight gain

Answer 8

150-210g per week for 6 months

Question 9

average length

Answer 9

50cm

Question 10

what can cause the height, weight and circumference of a baby to vary?

Answer 10

ethnicity

Question 11

why is head circumference important?

Answer 11

to determine the growth rate of the skull and brain

Question 12

normal head circumference is called?

Answer 12

normocephaly

Question 13

average head circumference

Answer 13

35cm

Question 14

what can head circumference vary by?

Answer 14

1-2cm

Question 15

chest circumference is usually what compared to the head circumference?

Answer 15

less than the head by 2.5cm

Question 16

head and chest circumference at 9-10mths

Answer 16

the same

Question 17

chest circumference after 1yrs old

Answer 17

larger than the head

Question 18

why does head moulding occur? how long does this last?

Answer 18

due to the fontanelles and sutures in the skull. usually fixes itself after a week.

Question 19

what are fontanelles?

Answer 19

un-ossified membranous gaps in the bone structure of the skull

Question 20

what are sutures?

Answer 20

junction lines of the skull bones that overlap to provide flexibility for moulding of the head

Question 21

when does the anterior fontanelle close?

Answer 21

around 9-18months

Question 22

when does the posterior fontanelle close?

Answer 22

2-3 months

Question 23

newborn vision

Answer 23

• follow large moving objects
• blink in response to bright lights and sound
• slowly responding pupils
• eyes cannot focus on close objects

Question 24

when can the baby focus gaze on objects and follow moving ones?

Answer 24

by one month

Question 25

when can baby recognise their parent's smile?

Answer 25

4 months

Question 26

social smiles may appear as early as?

Answer 26

2 months

Question 27

baby will have almost complete colour vision at?

Answer 27

4 months

Question 28

when does depth perception fully develop?

Answer 28

by 12 months

Question 29

Moro reflex

Answer 29

startle reflex involving spreading of the arms and fingers with sudden retraction of the limbs

Question 30

what can the infant do within a few days (hearing)

Answer 30

distinguish between different sounds (mothers voice from another)

Question 31

baby will coo, smile or gurgle to sounds and voices by

Answer 31

2-3 months

Question 32

sucking reflex

Answer 32

feeding reflex occurring when the lips are touched

Question 33

rooting reflex

Answer 33

feeding reflex occurring by touching the baby's cheek, causing the head to turn to the side that was touched

Question 34

the moro reflex is assessed to determine what?

Answer 34

the maturity of the central nervous system

Question 35

how long does the moro reflex take the disappear

Answer 35

4 months

Question 36

palmar grasp reflex

Answer 36

occurs when a small object is placed against the palm of the hand, causing the fingers to curl around it

Question 37

plantar reflex

Answer 37

toes curl when pressure is placed on the sole of the foot

Question 38

tonic neck reflex (TNR)

Answer 38

when the baby is lying on its back and has its head turned to one side, the limbs on the opposite side flex

Question 39

stepping reflex

Answer 39

legs move up and down as if the baby were walking when holding baby upright with the feet touching the floor below

Question 40

babinski reflex

Answer 40

when the sole of the foot is stroked, the big toe rises and the other toes fan out

Question 41

what is the APGAR score?

Answer 41

an immediate assessment at birth providing a score based on 5 factors: appearance, pulse, grimace, activity and respirations

Question 42

highest possible score on APGAR

Answer 42

10

Question 43

when is the APGAR typically carried out?

Answer 43

1 minute after birth then 5 minutes after

Question 44

normal APGAR score

Answer 44

7-10

Question 45

critical APGAR score

Answer 45

<4

Question 46

appearance score 1

Answer 46

blue extremities and pink body

Question 47

appearance score 2

Answer 47

body and extremities pink

Question 48

pulse score 1

Answer 48

<100 bpm

Question 49

pulse score 2

Answer 49

>100 bpm

Question 50

grimace score 1

Answer 50

grimace on suction or aggressive stimulation

Question 51

grimace score 2

Answer 51

cry on stimulation

Question 52

activity score 1

Answer 52

some flexion of arms and legs

Question 53

activity score 2

Answer 53

active flexion against resistance

Question 54

respiration score 1

Answer 54

weak, irregular, slow

Question 55

respiration score 2

Answer 55

strong crying

Question 56

infant social development

Answer 56

displeasure by crying, satisfaction by soft noises

Question 57

infants require how many ml of milk?

Answer 57

80-100ml / kg of body weight

Question 58

how often do infants have to be fed?

Answer 58

2.5-4hrs

Question 59

the Australian Infant Feeding Guidelines recommend that newborns and infants are what?

Answer 59

breastfed exclusively for the first 6 months

Question 60

what does breastmilk contain that is extremely important for newborns?

Answer 60

nutrients and antibodies protecting against common childhood illnesses

Question 61

which two immunisations do infants receive at birth?

Answer 61

hepatitis B and vitamin K

Question 62

what does vitamin K do?

Answer 62

helps the blood form clots and prevent serious blood loss

Question 63

which document shows the immunisations needed across the lifespan?

Answer 63

the National Immunisation Program Schedule