Module 5 - Childhood

Question 1

growth in childhood

Answer 1

slows down compared to growth in infancy. comes in ‘spurts’

Question 2

brain size 4-5 years

Answer 2

almost the same as an adult

Question 3

grow more in height than weight >

Answer 3

loose chubby toddler appearance - 4-5 years

Question 4

weight gain at 4-5 years

Answer 4

only gain 3-5kg since 3 years old

Question 5

which assessment are conducted before children start school?

Answer 5

hearing and vision

Question 6

weight of school age 6-12yrs

Answer 6

increases rapidly at 3kg per year; appears less lean

Question 7

age of weight spurt for boys

Answer 7

10-12 years

Question 8

age of weight spurt for girls

Answer 8

9-12 years

Question 9

at 12, girls are often…

Answer 9

taller than boys

Question 10

pre-puberty (9-12yrs) leads to an increased…

Answer 10

endocrine function; ie. perspiration and active sebaceous glands

Question 11

what are growth charts used for?

Answer 11

to record, map and compare a child’s height, weight and head circumference against children of the same age

Question 12

what are growth charts helpful for?

Answer 12

to identify a child’s growth pattern and identify any points for intervention

Question 13

can tell stories, go to the bathroom and wash hands independently

Answer 13

preschool 4-5 yr developmental milestone

Question 14

brush teeth, hop, jump, dress themselves and play co-operatively

Answer 14

preschool 4-5yr developmental milestone

Question 15

perfect muscular skills and co-ordination, can play games and sports

Answer 15

school age 6-12yrs developmental milestone

Question 16

fine motor skills, reading and writing

Answer 16

school age 6-12yrs developmental milestone

Question 17

3-5yrs stage of psychosocial development

Answer 17

initiative vs guilt

Question 18

6-12yrs stage of psychosocial development

Answer 18

industry vs inferiority

Question 19

what is the favourable outcome in the ‘intiative vs guilt ‘ stage?

Answer 19

a sense of purpose or self-efficacy

Question 20

what is the favourable outcome in the ‘industry vs inferiority’ stage?

Answer 20

competence and self esteem

Question 21

2-7yr phase of cognitive development

Answer 21

preoperational

Question 22

begin to use language to express concepts, pretend play and imagination prevalent

Answer 22

preoperational cognitive development stage

Question 23

egocentric in thinking, have difficulty seeing another’s perspective. can only think of one idea at a time

Answer 23

preoperational cognitive development stage

Question 24

7-11yr cognitive development phase

Answer 24

concrete operational

Question 25

the 'concrete operational' stage of cognitive development is characterised by the beginning of?

Answer 25

logical and operational thought

Question 26

can understand concepts and more than one viewpoint

Answer 26

concrete operational cognitive phase

Question 27

in 2017-2018, it is estimated that ___% of australian children have asthma between ages 0-14

Answer 27

10%

Question 28

what is the most common chronic condition in children?

Answer 28

asthma

Question 29

how does an asthma attack start?

Answer 29

with a cough or wheeze

Question 30

which part of the respiratory system does asthma most affect?

Answer 30

the smaller airways; bronchi and bronchioles

Question 31

how are the bronchi and bronchioles affected by asthma?

Answer 31

the inner airways are chronically inflamed, and therefore hyperesponsive to certain triggers

Question 32

common asthma triggers

Answer 32

- tobacco smoke - pollen - dust - fragrances - exercise - cold weather - stress - common cold

Question 33

an 'asthma attack' is also known as an...

Answer 33

exacerbation

Question 34

what happens to the smaller airways in asthmatics when exposed to a trigger?

Answer 34

- the smooth rings of muscle contract and become narrow | - muscosal lining becomes swollen, secretes mucus that blocks the airways, making it harder to breathe

Question 35

smooth muscle constriction in an asthma attack results in...

Answer 35

feelings of tightness in chest

Question 36

excess mucus and increased inflammation during asthma attack results in...

Answer 36

coughing and wheezing noise

Question 37

'reliever' medications for asthma contain...

Answer 37

beta-agonists

Question 38

what do beta-agonists do?

Answer 38

relax constricted muscles, allowing airways to widen so more air can travel in and out of lungs

Question 39

'preventative' asthmatic medications contain

Answer 39

corticosteroids

Question 40

what do corticosteroids do?

Answer 40

reduce airway sensitivity and inflammation

Question 41

what do corticosteroids help to prevent over the long-term?

Answer 41

damage from chronic inflammation, which can cause scarring in the airways

Question 42

asthma is a _____ respiratory condition involving ____ ______ _________.

Answer 42

obstructive | chronic airway inflammation

Question 43

what 3 things occur in the airways of someone with asthma?

Answer 43

1. inflammation 2. mucous production 3. bronchoconstriction

Question 44

a child with asthma should have a ______ developed by their gp. how often should this be updated?

Answer 44

asthma action plan | at least every 12 months

Question 45

what is the recommended method of using puffers in children?

Answer 45

spacers

Question 46

why are spacers useful?

Answer 46

they allow the maximum amount of medication to be inhaled into the alveoli

Question 47

a puffer is also called a

Answer 47

metered dose inhaler (MDI)

Question 48

an obstructive airway disorder is a problem with getting air...

Answer 48

out

Question 49

in terms of child protection, RNs are _______ ___________.

Answer 49

mandatory reporters

Question 50

being a mandatory report means that

Answer 50

we are legally mandated to report any suspected risk of significant harm to a child under 16 years of age

Question 51

failure to gain weight, poor standards of hygiene and untreated physical problems such as nappy rash, sores or poor school attendance are signs of....

Answer 51

neglect

Question 52

- bruising to the head, face and neck - bruising and marks showing shape - fractured bones (especially under 3yrs) - burns and scalds - explanation of injury not consistent with type of injury are all signs of....

Answer 52

physical abuse

Question 53

excessive criticism, withholding affection and exposure to domestic violence are characterised as

Answer 53

emotional abuse/psychological harm

Question 54

- lack of people skills - attention seeking behaviour - lack of trust in others - feeling worthless - highly self critical, anxious or depressed - suicide attempts and threats

Answer 54

emotional abuse/psychological harm

Question 55

- bruising or bleeding to genital area - STIs - describing sexual acts - regressive behaviour such a bed wetting - self destructive behaviour - adolescent pregnancy

Answer 55

sexual abuse