Module 3 Self in the West&East thought

Question 1

Philosophers view humans as bearers of
irreplaceable values.

Answer 1

Andient Greece

Question 2

Philosophers and Saints like Thomas Aquinas
believed that the body constitutes individuality.

Answer 2

Medieval Times

Question 3

Individual was its focus with Rene Descartes
“I think Therefore I am” as the epitome of the
Western idea of self.

Answer 3

Renaissance Thought

Question 4

tendency to see reality
as an aggregate of parts.

Answer 4

Analytical

Question 5

tendency toward unitary explanations of
phenomena and a closed-system view of
the self as modeled after a unitary, omnipotent
power.

Answer 5

Monotheistic

Question 6

self-expression and self- actualization are
important ways of establishing who one is
as well as satisfaction in the world.

Answer 6

Individualism

Question 7

tends to discredit explanations using
analytic-deductive modes of thinking.

Answer 7

Materialistic/
Rationalistic

Question 8

Eastern concept of the Self

Answer 8

1. Hinduism
2. Buddhis
3. Confucianism
4. Taosim
5. Islamic Tradition

Question 9

earliest religious writings in the East which formed the Hindu Philosophy and dharma (the principle of cosmic order).

Answer 9

Vedas

Question 10

is described as the true nature of
human which is a divine universal consciousness
encompassing the universe.

Answer 10

Brahman

Question 11

Composed of the teachings of Buddha.

• “self” is not an entity, a substance, or essence.
Rather, it is a dynamic process.

Answer 11

Buddhism

Question 12

a doctrine defined as “no-self or no-soul” emphasizing that a sense of being a permanent, autonomous “self” is an illusion.

Answer 12

Anatta

Question 13

Confucius concept of personality is not
something that exists inherently but formed
through upbringing and the environment.

Answer 13

Confucianism

Question 14

the perfection of the virtues that at the start were mere potentials

Answer 14

Pre-self and potential self

Question 15

4 begginings of the “pre self” or a “Potential self”

Answer 15

1. Jen
2. Yi
3. Li
4. Chih

Question 16

means goodwill, sympathy toward others,
politeness, and generosity.
(Heart of compassion)

Answer 16

Jen

Question 17

means rightness and the respect of duty
(respecting one’s position as guardian
toward nature and humanity)

*(Heart of righteousness)

Answer 17

Yi

Question 18

means having the right to practice propriety
in all that a person does.
(Heart of propriety)

Answer 18

Li

Question 19

means wisdom which is expressed by
putting jen, yi and li into practice
(Heart of Wisdom)

Answer 19

Chih

Question 20

rejects the hierarchical view of the
self, society or cosmos.

• Self is one of the countless
manifestations of the Tao and an
extension of the cosmos (the
universe seen as a well-ordered
whole).

Answer 20

Taoism

Question 21

“The perfect man has no self, the
spiritual man has no achievement,
the true sage has no name.”

Answer 21

Chuang-tzu or Zhuang Zhou

Question 22

which pertains to the psyche(totality of the
conscious and unconscious human mind) or the soul.

Answer 22

Nafs

Question 23

is something that has to be nurtured and self-
regulated to become “good” or “evil” through its thoughts and actions.

Answer 23

nafs/self

Question 24

Self is both used in the
individualistic and collective
sense.

Answer 24

Islamic Tradition

Question 25

Encourage asserting one’s goals and desires • Highly value independence and self-reliance • Insist that interest of the individual should take precedence over the state or a social group

Answer 25

Individualistic Self

Question 26

Strongly oppose external interference by society or institutions upon one’s own interests. • Oriented around the individual that a person should be independent instead of having the mentality of identifying with a group.

Answer 26

Individualistic Self

Question 27

In interpersonal relationships, they see each other as loosely linked • Value personal goals over group interests. • Emphasize personal achievements • Assess rationally both the beneficial and detrimental aspects of relationships with others

Answer 27

Individualistic Self

Question 28

Represents the self in a collective view. People in a collectivist culture: • Emphasize the interdependence and harmonious relatedness with one another.

Answer 28

Collective self

Question 29

Gives importance in maintaining social networks, good relationships and in fulfilling obligations

Answer 29

Collective Self

Question 30

proposed that self-concept could be could be organized into 3 aspects

Answer 30

Roy Baumeister

Question 31

3 aspects of self-concept proposed by Roy Baumeister

Answer 31

1. private 2. Public 3. Collective

Question 32

Refers to mental processes that perceives one’s own traits or behaviors (e.g. I am kind)

Answer 32

Private

Question 33

Refers to the generalized view of self such as the perception of how others view you *(People think I am kind)

Answer 33

Public

Question 34

Refers to the view of self in a collective concept *(My family expects me to be kind)

Answer 34

Collective