Module 4 Flashcards
(110 cards)
1
Q
term used to refer to our dynamic perception of our own body, including how it looks, feels, and moves, attitudes and feelings about how we look, and how we think others see them.
A
Body image
2
Q
Body image is a [blank] encompassing how we perceive, think, feel, and act toward or bodies.
A
multidimensional construct
3
Q
Body image is [x] because it may change based on the people we interact with, the situations we find ourselves in, and cultural expectations.
A
dynamic
4
Q
Our body image is influenced strongly by x and y, more so than by external evaluation by others.
A
self esteem and self evaluation
5
Q
Body image can be powerfully influenced and affected by
A
culture, societal and cultural standards of appearance and attractiveness
6
Q
are affected because of hormones that change our body and even how we think and behave.
A
adolescents
7
Q
Adolescents are affected by x that change our body and even how we think and behave
A
hormones
8
Q
an overarching idea we have about who we are - physically,
emotionally, socially, spiritually, and in terms of any other aspects that make up who we are.
A
self-concept
9
Q
factors that influence in individual’s body image
A
media
society and culture
puberty
psychological culture
10
Q
a book about women’s efforts to become thin rather than to accept the natural dimensions of their bodies–a book about the meaning of food and its rejection.
A
the obsession: tyranny of slenderness
11
Q
who is the author of obsession: tyranny of slenderness
A
kim chernin
12
Q
For girls, the strongest predictor of body dissatisfaction was
A
internalization
13
Q
the degree to which someone adopts a sociocultural body as his or her own adopts a sociocultural body ideal as his or her own
A
internalization
14
Q
factors affecting Relationship Between Weight Status and Body Image
A
BMI
Internalization
Social Comparison
Fat talk
Weight-related bullying
15
Q
The tendency to compare one’s body or physique to that of the others
A
Social Comparison
16
Q
Negative or derogatory comments about weight or body size.
includes food, eating, exercise habits, and body size
A
Fat talk
17
Q
Overweight and obese youth are more likely to be the targets of weightrelated
bullying
○
Body dissatisfaction are related to higher prevalence of school level
teasing
○
Results to sadness, depressed moods, lower self-esteem, and higher
body dissatisfaction
A
weight related bullying
18
Q
Barriers related to Physical Inactivity
A
Individual barriers (e.g. psychological barriers)
§ Social barriers (e.g. exclusion and teasing)
§ Environmental barriers (e.g. facilities)
19
Q
severe restriction of food intake to unhealthy levels
that results in caloric deprivation
A
anorexia nervosa
20
Q
characterized by binge episodes of overeating
followed by compensatory purging or obligatory exercise to counteract
excessive caloric intake
A
bulimia nervosa
21
Q
binge episodes without an accompanying
purging method
A
binge eating disorder
22
Q
One’s emotions around exercise and psychological mindset, including
motivation for exercise, are as important as the quantity of exercise
sessions
A
dysfucntional exercise
23
Q
Parents tend to become more critical regarding their children’s
appearance, eating, and physical activity as they move into and
through adolescence.
A
helicopter parenting
24
Q
rituals that mark important stages in an individual’s life cycle. These ceremonial events exist in all historically known societies.
A
rites of passage
25
original version of rites of passage
les rites de passage
26
came up with the term rites of passage
arnold van gennep
27
three stages of rites of passage
separation
transition
incorporation
28
ritual removal of the individual from everyday life
separation
29
period of isolation
transition
30
return and readmission back into society with new status
incorporation
31
military training is an example of what stage of rites of passing
isolation
32
college graduation, debutant balls what stage in rites of passing
incorporation/return or cooperation
33
Purification ceremonies means to
prepare the individual for communication with the supernatural,
34
Purification ceremonies means to prepare the individual for communication with the
supernatural
35
purification in the rights of passage may also be seen to have the symbolic significance of
erasing an old status in preparation for a new one
36
in the rights of passage may also be seen to have the symbolic significance of erasing an old status in preparation for a new one.
purification
37
Modern day rite of passage is achieved when
parents and communities create and participate in experiences that are transformative
38
modern day rite of passage aim to achieve what
increased status and to facilitate their transformation from adolescence.
39
also a test of endurance to the subject and a form
of sacrifice.
rituals
40
a ceremony undergone by boys in Burma and hailand where they become novice monks and temporarily live the
monastic lifestyle.
Poy Sang Long
41
what tribe in africa, Boys approach the age of 12 or 13 must duel each other for their status as a man by whipping his opponent in turns to win the crowd's favor.
Girls undergo painful facial tattoos to become "beautiful women"
ready for marriage.
Fulani tribe
42
what is ths structural functionalism perspective of rites of passage?
Each element that constitute the society serves a purpose, and each is indispensable for the continued existence of the others and of society as a whole.
- Rites of passage as regulators, maintain societies in steady state, preserve status quo.
43
who said that rites of passage allow one to see the ways in which one should live within it
cliffor geertz
44
They invite new possibilities that are not within the current community
Crown-elect takes on a role of a commoner
rites of passage as an anti-structure
45
who coined rites of passage as an anti-structure
Victor Turner
46
element of right of passage: connected to a community development process rather than being solely intraphyschic phenomenon
paradigm shift
47
example where the crown elect takes on the
role of a commoner.
§ En route to his elevation as king, he experiences ritual humiliation.
This serves to remind the future king that his office is designed to
serve the people and their common needs rather than his own
self-interest.
Ndembu people of Zimbabwe
48
element: community discussion allows the setting of expectations
Community values and ethics
49
E; meaningful outcomes ultimately depend upon the quality of the relationships between youth and adults, and adults and the ‘rite”
Program success relies on relationships
50
initatiators of youth’s coming of age should be professionals themselves
You can only bring someone as far as you have been yourself
51
creating supporting intentional environements that transmit essential values and inform expectations for socially appropriate behavior
Rites of passage create expectations for socially appropriate behaviors
52
detailed sequences of actions that regularly followed.
rituals
53
sets a tone and impact climate in ways that help create a produuctive context for learning.
ritual
54
experiences that challenge the individual emotionally and/or physically which present opportunities to learn
adversity/personal challenge
55
helps a young person develop an internal dialogue for narrating and making sense of what’s going on. “Call to adventure,” an internal alarm clock awakening them to the coming-of-age process almost inaudible.
silence
56
stories passed down from previous generations that convey morals or cultural values
stories, myths, or legends
57
experiences that help individuals reliaze and appreciate tehir connection and interdependence on the natural devlopment
connection with nature
58
time intentionally set aside fro a person to reflect on his/her personal values, actions, and beliefs
Time alone for reflection
59
the opportunity to learn, value, and appreciate one’s connection to those who went before and the values and ethics theri heritage embraces
Connection with ancestral roots
60
the opportunity to help individuals find their “bliss” those activities that they can immerse themselves in with great passion, and from which they receive unbridled joy
play
61
the coming of age process through rites of passage includes the giving up or giving away of some aspect e.g. behavior, attitude, cherished item that characterized their former status. This process conveys a reality that change- leaving something dear in the past behind - is an integral part of transition
Giving away one’s previous attitudes, behvaiors, and etc.
62
the use of sanctioned behaviors such as vision quest, meditation, yoga, movement, and dance, play in the zone with sports and hobbies to experience ___
Non-ordinary states of reality
63
through the initiatory porcess, adolecents are oriented to recogize that serice to the community is an essential part of becoming a fully functioning adult in the society.
Obligation to service to a larger community
64
as recognition of their transition to a new sttaus, initiates may adorn themselves with some external symbol that symbolizes this attianment.
Changes of apperance that express/reflect new status
65
opportunities fro participants to demonstrate publicly newly acquired skills and status
Opportunities to demonstrate new competencies
66
community celebrations in which the new status inotiates is recognized and acclaimed
Celebration of status
67
changes in the reproductive organs.
Primary sexual characteristics
68
For males, the growth of testes, penis, scrotum, or spermarche (first ejaculation of semen).
Primary sexual characteristics
69
first ejaculation of semen
spermache
70
are visible physical changes but not directly linked to reproduction, but signal sexual maturity
Secondary sexual characteristics
71
behavior that is compatible with cultural expectations
Gender-normative
72
behavior that is not compatible with these expectations
Gender non-conformity
73
The framework distinguishes between stigma’s manifestations in society’s institutions (heterosexism) and among individuals.
sexual stigma
74
an ideology embodied in instituional practices that work to the disadvantage of sexual minority groups.
Structural sexual stigma or heterosexism
75
Two ways in which heterosexism operates
1. Everyone is presumed to be heterosexual
2. Sexual minorities are problematized; assumed to be abnormal
76
type of stigma that can motivate heterosexuals and nonheterosexuals alike to use various self-presentation strategies to avoid being labeled homosexual or bisexual.
felt sexual stigma
77
costs of felt sexual stigma
Costs:
◦ By avoiding gender nonconformity or physical contact with same sex friends
◦ Enact sexual stigma to others
78
A heterosexual or sexual minority individual’s personal acceptance of sexual stigma as a part of her or his own value system. This self-directed prejudice, which is based on the individuals’
Internalized Sexual stigma
79
This self-directed prejudice, which is based on the individuals’ acceptance of and agreement with society’s negative evaluation of homosexuality.
Self-stigma
80
It has also been labeled internalized homophobia, internalized heterosexism, and internalized homonegativity.
self stigma
81
process whereby individuals develop, refine and learn to ‘do’ gender through internalizing gender norms and roles as they interact with key agents of socialization, such as their family, social networks and other social institutions.
gender socialization
82
is based on what you have in your body, it is therefore constant across time and cultures. It is the biological attributes in humans and animals.
sex
83
refers to the attitudes, feelings, and behaviors that a given culture associates with a person’s biological sex. Behavior that is compatible with cultural expectations is referred to as gender-normative; behaviors that are viewed as incompatible with these expectations constitute gender non-conformity
gender
84
refers to people’s sexual interest in and attraction to others, as well as their capacity to have erotic experiences and responses.
sexuality
85
that is, your internal sense of being male, female, or something else
gender identity
86
When one’s gender identity and biological sex are not congruent, the individual may identify along the
transgender spectrum
87
which is simply your presentation (including physical appearance, clothing choice and accessories) and behavior that communicates aspects of your gender or gender role
gender expression
87
True or False: Gender expression may or may not conform to a person's gender identity.
True
88
a person’s capacity for profound emotional, affectional, and sexual attraction to, and intimate and sexual relations with, individuals of a different gender, the same gender, or more than one gender.
sexual orientation
89
gay men, lesbians, heterosexuals, bisexuals are examples of
sexual orientation
90
refers to a person who does not experience sexual attraction or has little interest in sexual activity.
asexual
91
is unwanted, repetitive, and aggressive behavior marked by an imbalance of power. It can take on multiple forms, including physical (e.g., hitting), verbal (e.g., name calling or making threats), relational (e.g., spreading rumors), and electronic (e.g., texting, social networking).
bullying
92
replaces the terms “nontransgender” or “bio man/bio woman” to refer to individuals who have a match between the sex they were assigned at birth, their bodies, and their gender identity
Cisgender
93
a term that is used to discuss intersex and variations in sex development by some medical professionals and community members.
DSD (disorders of sex development)
94
]refers to the attitudes, feelings, and behaviors that a given culture associates with a person’s biological sex. Behavior that is compatible with cultural expectations is referred to as gender-normative; behaviors that are viewed as incompatible with these expectations constitute gender non-conformity.
gender
95
An individual’s presentation, including physical appearance, clothing choice and accessories, and behavior that communicates aspects of gender or gender role. Gender expression may or may not conform to a person’s gender identity.
gender expression
96
A person’s deeply-felt, inherent sense of being a boy, a man, or male; a girl, a woman, or female; or an alternative gender (e.g., genderqueer, gender non-conforming, boygirl, ladyboi) which may or may not correspond to a person’s sex assigned at birth or to a person’s primary or secondary sex characteristics.
gender identity
97
is gender identity internal or external?
internal
98
refers to the extent to which a person’s gender identity, role, or expression differs from the cultural norms prescribed for people of a particular sex. This term is becoming more popular as a way to describe people without reference to a particular cultural norm, in a manner that is more affirming and potentially less stigmatizing than gender nonconformity.
gender diversity
99
refers to discomfort or distress that is associated with a discrepancy between a person’s gender identity and that person’s sex assigned at birth (and the associated gender role and/or primary and secondary sex characteristics)
gender dysphoria
100
refers to one’s sense of oneself as male, female, or something else
gender identity
101
is an adjective and umbrella term to describe individuals whose gender expression, gender identity, or gender role differs from gender norms associated with their assigned birth sex.
gender non-conforming
102
refers to a pattern of appearance, personality, and behavior that, in a given culture, is associated with being a boy/man/male or being a girl/woman/female.
gender role
103
positions gender as a social construct, comprised of traits and roles developed through societal expectations, rather than strictly biological determinants.
gender theory
104
Introduced the idea that gender identity is not innate but is developed through social and personal processes, emphasizing that one is not born but becomes a woman.
simone de beauvoir
105
Suggested that conforming to male or female identities involves significant repression of one's potential ways of being, feeling, acting, and loving that don't align with societal gender expectations.
gayle rubin
106
the act of revealing personal information about one's self is a defining characteristic of intimacy
self-disclosure
107
relationships begins with superficial information, small talk
social penetration theory
108
intimacy develops when disclosure leads to the feeling of being understood
intimacy model theory
109
people will be satisfied in their relationship if they get what is proportional to what others give
equity theory
