Module 4 Flashcards
(9 cards)
describe fetal kidneys including when urine prod begins and when nephrogenesis is complete
fetal kidneys start with pronephros developing around day 22, mesonephros develops week 5 and degenerates week 11, metanephros from week 5 and is final kidney, urine production from K16 and nephrogenesis complete by K36
what is the most common cause and complication of preterm birth?
infection and RDS
why is T1 considered most critical period for teratogenic exposure?
organogenesis occurs during this period so exposure can lead to structural malformations
what is the most significant trigger of first breath in the newborn?
increased CO2
describe the physiological changes in CVS that cause closure of shunts
ductus venosus: closed due to cessation of blood flow from placenta
foramen ovale: decreased resistance in lungs causes increased pressure in L) atria and negative pressure in R) atria forcing the shunt closed
ductus arteriosus: closes due to increased O2 levels in blood
what is the consequence of these shunts not closing correctly?
critical congenital heard defect where oxygen rich and poor blood mixes resulting in inadeq perfusion, Patent ductus arteriosus leads to resp distress
list 3 risk factors for preterm birth and the contribution to onset of labour
infection: increased cytokines and PGs stim cx ripening and uterine contractions
multiple: overdistension of uterus increases mechanical stretch of myometrium which upregulates oxytocin receptors and PGs
short cx: early cx dilation and effacement, stretching increases oxytocin
list neonatal physiological adaptations to extrauterine life
fluid clearance from lungs, regulation of glucose usage, temp regulation through non-shivering thermogenesis in brown fat
list underlying causes of failure to thrive
inadeq intake, vit B12 defic, excess output, inappropriate energy utilisation
