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Module 4 Flashcards

1
Q

extinction used when behavior is maintained by positive reinforcement
May involve…

A

witholding a consequence stimulus

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2
Q

extinction used if behavior is maintained by negative reinforcement

A

escape extinction

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3
Q

escape extinction

A

not removing an antecedent aversive stimulus

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4
Q

Skip scratches his arm until it bleeds. His treatment team puts a soft pad on his arm to protect his skin. Now he scratches the pad, w/o injuring himself. Is this an example of extinction?

A

Yes, it’s called sensory extinction

prevents the feeling of the scratching that was maintaining the behavior

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5
Q

Side effects of extinction(2)

A

there may be

  • extinction burst
  • other behaviors, especially emotions responses, agression or behaviors from long ago
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6
Q

Extinction and the RBT (4)

A
  • it will be used in combo w/other behavior building procedures
  • follow plan closely
  • be prepared for extinction bursst
  • be careful not to reinforce during extinction burst
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7
Q

Punishment

A

is an environmental change that:

follows a response and decreases the future frequency of that behavior

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8
Q

Punishment is defined by

A

its effect on the specific bheavior it follows, not by what it looks like (topography)

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9
Q

Punishment can be

A
  • positive

- negative

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10
Q

Positive punishment

A
  • a consequence
  • specific stimulus is presented (added) or magnified
  • as a result that type of response is less likely to happen again
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11
Q

what is the stimulus to positive punishment

A

positive punisher

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12
Q

appetitive

A

term in ABA for something pleasant

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13
Q

appetitive conditions and reinforcement

A

if it follows a response (consequence), it may be reinforcing

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14
Q

appetitive conditions and punishment

A

if it is removed following a response, it may be punishing

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15
Q

negative punishment

A

-specific stimulus is removed (terminated) or lessened

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16
Q

result of negative punishment

A

that type of response is less likely to happen again in the future

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17
Q

the stimulus for negative punishment

A

negative punisher

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18
Q

for negative punishment to occur…

A

the behaver has to have something to lose that they want to keep

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19
Q

Punishment and the RBT (4)

A
  • punishment ONLY decreases behavior, that is its primary effect
  • punishment has side effects
  • must be used with caution
  • requires significant prior approval and close oversight
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20
Q

Punishment can be (3)

A
  • positive or negative
  • socially mediated or automatic
  • unconditioned or conditioned
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21
Q

antecedent

A

what happens in the environment immediately before the behavior

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22
Q

points to remember with antecedents (2)

A
  • the behaver experiences OTHER ppls behavior as stimuli

- thus a response done by someone else can be an antecedent

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23
Q

precursors

A

responses by the behavior occurring just before the target response

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24
Q

evoke

A

an antecedent stimulus that makes a behavior more likely to happen

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25
abate
an antecedent stimulus that makes a bheavior less likely to happen
26
antecedents and effects (2)
- antecedents have an immediate effect | - make a behavior more (or less) likely to occur now
27
consequences and effects (2)
- have a delayed effect | - they make the behavior more or less likely to occur in the future
28
stimulus control
when an antecedent reliably exerts control over a response
29
stimulus control and antecedents
antecedent stimulus develops this effect when a target response is reinforced more often when that stimulus is present than when it is NOT present
30
discriminative stimulus
a specific stimulus, which exerts stimulus control over a particular behavior
31
symbol that represents discriminative stimulus
S^D
32
S^D signals
the availability of reinforcement | -which is ALWAYS due to a PAST HISTORY of delivery of reinforcement for that behavior in the presence of the S^D
33
S^D's effect on responding
evokes responding
34
SD's are...(3)
- antecedents - signal availability of a consequence - make behavior more likely now
35
motivating operation
an environmental event/condition that alters the value of some stimulus as a consequence
36
2 types of motivating operations
establishing operations | abolishing operations
37
an Establishing Operation (EO) establishes...(2)
- the value of a consequence | - the EO increases the effectiveness of that consequence
38
EO's relation to reinforcement
makes reinforcement more effective
39
an Abolishing Operation (AO) abolishes...(2)
- abolishes the value of a consequence \ | - AO decreases the effectiveness of that consequence
40
AO's relation to reinforcement
makes reinforcement less effective
41
MOs effect on behavior (2)
more likely to happen now (evoke | less likely to happen now (abate)
42
EO and behavior (3)
- has an immediate effect - is a temporary effect (only lasts while the EO is in play) - when EO goes away, the value of the reinforcer goes away and behavior is no longer evoked
43
MO's, behaviors and momentary frequencys (2)
- (evokes)increases momentary frequency | - abates (decreases the momentary frequency)
44
discriminative stimuli signal...
signals the availability of consequences due to past history
45
MO's either make...(2)
the consequence either more or less valuable | -changes the value of consequences
46
the antecedent condition that is most likely to evoke behavior occuring is...
when the reinforcer is available (S^D present) and when the reinforcer is valuable (EO)
47
antecedents and effect
- can make behavior more likely to occur immediately - now (evoke) - can make bheavior less likely to occur immediately - now (abate)
48
two types of antecedents
- discriminative stimuli | - motivating operations
49
to suppress
abate
50
an environmental event/condition that abolishes the value of a consequence
abolishing operation
51
general term in ABA for a stimulus or condition that is prleasant or preferred
appetitive
52
if this type of stimulus or stimulus conditions follows a response it may strengthen that response (function as reinforcement)
appetitive
53
if this type of stimulus or stimulus condition is removed following a response it may weaken that response (function as punishment)
appetitive
54
due to a past history of reinforcement in its presence, it 'signals' the availability of reinforcement for a specific response
discriminative stimulus
55
an environmental event/conditio that establishes the value of a consequence
establishng operation
56
to bring forth
evoke
57
the process by which a previously reinforced behavior is weakened by withholding reinforcement
extinction
58
an environmental event/condition that alters the value of some stimulus as a consequence
motivating operations
59
removal of a stimulus following a response that results in a weakening (decreased likelihood) of that response in the future)
negative punishment
60
an appetitive (or enjoyable) situation/condition
time-in
61
a consequence in which a specific stimulus is presented (added) or magnified (increased) and results in a decreased likelihood of that response in the future
positive punishment
62
An Sdelta is correlated with
NO reinforcement
63
all of the following are true statements of _____ 1) may make behavior more or less likely to occur in the present 2) alter the value of stimuli
Motivating Operations (MO's)

RBT (19 decks)

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