Module 4 - Lipids part 1

Question 1

Why fat is important?

Answer 1

• building blocks for cell membranes
• padding that protects your organ from shock
• insulation to protect you from temperature extremes
• essential fatty acid
• raw material for important compounds (hormones and neutrons)
• carrier of fat soluble vitamin (A,D,E,K)
• in food they give satiety, taste, energy dense

Question 2

true or false

Lipid are soluble in water

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Give 3 examples of lipids

Answer 3

Triglycerides, phospholipids, sterols

Question 4

Which lipid is found 95% of food and in the human body

Answer 4

Triglycerides

Question 5

Which lipid is found in cell membranes

Answer 5

Phospholipids

Question 6

Give 2 examples of sterols

Answer 6

Cholesterols, phytosterols

Question 7

How is formed a triglyceride

Answer 7

By condensation reaction

Question 8

What are the types of chain length in a fatty acid

Answer 8

Log-chain fatty acid
Medium chain
Short chain

Question 9

Which chain of fatty acid is the most abundant one? And in what food are they found?

Answer 9

Long chain fatty acids (12 - 24C) they are found in meats, fish and vegetables

Question 10

True or false

16 C is most abundant chain length in food

Answer 10

False, 18C

Question 11

Saturated fat is solid or liquid in room temperature?

Answer 11

Solid

Question 12

Does saturated fat contain double bonds

Answer 12

No

Question 13

Does unsaturated fat have a double bond? And is he liquid or solid at room temperature

Answer 13

It contains one or more double bonds, and it is liquid at room temperature

Question 14

What are the 3 ways that fatty acids differ form one another

Answer 14

1. Length
2. Degree of saturation
3. Location of double bond

Question 15

What are the name of the molecule of Omega 6 and Omega 3 and what are their saturation

Answer 15

Omega 6 : name - Linoleic acid, polyunsaturated with 2 double bonds

Omega 3: name - Linolenic acid, polyunsaturated with 3 double bonds

Question 16

What are essential fatty acids?

Answer 16

Fatty acids that cannot be synthesized by humans

Question 17

What are the most common and easily Omega available?

Answer 17

Omega 6

Question 18

What are the functions of the essential fatty acids

Answer 18

• Provide raw material for eicosanoids
• Serve as structural and functional parts of cell membrane
• contribute lipids to the brain and nerves
• assist in gene regulation
• maintain outer structures of the skin thus protecting against water loss
• help regulate genetic activities affecting metabolism
• support immune cell function

Question 19

Omega 3 and omega 6 has pathways, in which H is added.
In the Omega 6 pathways what is the carbon and the amount of double bond in : linoleic Acid and Arachidonic Acid

In the Omega 3 pathways what is the carbon and the amount of double bond in : eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid

Answer 19

Omega 6
Linoleic acid C18:2
Arachidonic acid C20:4

Omega 3
Eicosapentaenoic acid C20:5
Docosahexaenoic acid C22:6

Question 20

What is the health benefits of linolenic acid (omega 3)

Answer 20

Heart health benefits
Supports immunity
Canaveral prévention
Cell membranes 
Brain function and vision

Question 21

What are the difference between eicosanoids that derived from omega 3 FA and those that derived from Omega 6 FA?

Answer 21

Eicosanoids derived from omega 3 FAs seem to have more cardiovascular benefits than those derived from omega 6.
Omega 6 eicosanoids tend to be pro-inflammatory and omega 3 are anti inflammatory

Question 22

Omega 3 eicosanoids have benefits on what?

Answer 22

Cardiovascular benefits :
Lower blood pressure through vains dilatation
Reduce unwanted blood clot formation
Protect against irregular heartbeat
Reduce inflammation in small vessels and capillaires

Question 23

Which foods you can find omega 3?

Answer 23

Fatty fish, walnuts, flaxseeds, chia seeds, hemp seeds and eggs

Question 24

How many times a week is recommended to eat fatty fish ( omega 3)

Answer 24

2 to 3 times/week

Question 25

Why it is better eating real fish instead of fish oil supplements ?

Answer 25

1. By eating fish oil supplements there is a lacking of other beneficial nutrients found in fish 2. Fish supplements is often made from fish skin and liver and it may have accumulated toxic concentrations of pesticides, heavy metals, industrial contaminants 3. High levels of vitamin A And D

Question 26

Why eating unsaturated fat is recommended?

Answer 26

Because it may lower the bad LDL cholesterol and reduce risk of cardiovascular disease

Question 27

Give some examples of healthy unsaturated fats

Answer 27

Nuts, seeds, avocado, fatty fish, vegetable oil, soft margarine

Question 28

What are the benefits of monounsaturated fat

Answer 28

Lower bad cholesterol and keep the good cholesterol levels high

Question 29

What is the nutritional table of nuts

Answer 29

They contain: mono and polyunsaturated fats, fibre, protein, photochemical- antioxidants, plant sterol

Question 30

What are the % of milk fat

Answer 30

Whole milk 3.25% Reduced fat 2% Low fat 1% Skim milk 0%

Question 31

What is the equivalence in health consequences between saturated fat and trans fat

Answer 31

Both increase blood LDL “bad” cholesterol

Question 32

Why trans fat was banned in Canada

Answer 32

Considered the worst type of fat for cardiovascular health

Question 33

Where was found trans fat ?

Answer 33

Highly processed foods

Question 34

What are the risks of trans fat in heart health?

Answer 34

Raise bad LDL cholesterol Lower good HDL cholesterol Produces inflammation in the body

Question 35

Why did they hydrogenate the food to create trans fat ?

Answer 35

- to make liquid fat more solid at room temperature | - increases shelf life of food

Question 36

What is the major function of phospholipids?

Answer 36

- Major constituents of cell membranes - emulsifiers - not essential in the diet

Question 37

What is an emulsifiers

Answer 37

A substance that mixes with both fat and water and permanently disperses the fat in the water, forming an emulsion

Question 38

What are sterols?

Answer 38

Large molecules consisting of interconnected rings of carbons atoms with side chains of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 39

What are the functions of sterols? And where are they found?

Answer 39

- subgroup of steroids - sex hormones | - naturally found in plants and animal based products

Question 40

True or false | Cholesterol is not part of sterols

Answer 40

False , they are

Question 41

What is cholesterol's function ?

Answer 41

- Structural components of cell membranes - precursor for making bile for the gallbladder - precursor for steroid hormones biosynthesis (estrogen, testosterone, etc) - precursor for vitamin D synthesis (fat soluble vitamin)