Module 4 Nucleocytoplamsic and Gene info Flashcards
Small molecules move both inward and outward via ____, while the transport of proteins and RNAs are linked to energy sources
passive diffusion
True or False: RNA make complexes with proteins within the nucleus
FALSE they leave the nucleus to go to the cytoplasm to bind to a protein to form a complex
____ can influence TRASNCRIPTION directly or via SECONDARY MESSENGERS through SIGNAL RELAYS
Hormones
process by which differentiated cells are organized into a hierarchy of tissues, organs, and organ systems.
Morphogenesis
process by which one group of cells produces a signal that
determines the fate of a second group of cells
Induction
These cause endocrine disorders
Mutations in Key hormone-synthesis
___ and ____develop from one of the outpocketings of the pharynx called pharyngeal pouches.
Studies in mice have shown that interfering with the ___ gene can cause (answer above) ___ (failure of an organ to function normally)
Thyroid Gland
Parathyroid Gland
HOX15
aplasia
Hox genes also called ___ is important in controlling the ___ of different parts of the body along its anterior/posterior axis.
Regions of the body are defined by the arrangement of genes in the DNA and how the pattern is established in the embryo along the ____
Homoeotic
anatomical identity
antero-posterior axis
____ direct the formation of many body structures during EARLY embryonic development.
Homeobox genes
In _____ the genes for the development of the genital ridge to either an ovary or a testis are shown.
Gonadal Development
Genes governing ____ include those that are involved in the production of hormones
pituitary gland development
____ is fundamental to the morphogenesis of embryos. During ____, cells move to establish their locations which will later be followed by the development of specific organs.
Cell migration
gastrulation
Bear in mind that in order for cell migration to be successful, there are intracellular and external signals that guide them, be it in the form of ___ that are expressed on surfaces of destination sites or other ____that they get in contact with as they travel.
receptors
molecules
Other things involved in guiding cell migration (3)
microtubular networks
adhesion proteins
signalling pathway components
One of the hormones involved in growth is the ___. From the ___ it should reach the target tissues
Growth hormone (GH)
anterior pituitary
