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Biology > Module #4 Review Questions > Flashcards

Module #4 Review Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the five features common to most fungi.

A
  1. Saprophytic feeding
  2. Extracellar digestion
  3. Reproduction by spores
  4. Multicellular makeup
  5. Cell walls containing chitin
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2
Q

What is the name of the hyphae that have cells separated by cell walls?

A

Septate hyphae

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3
Q

What do Septate hyphae in which cytoplasm is exchanged?

A

Pores

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4
Q

What is the name of hyphae that have no separations between the cells and the nuclei are spread throughout the hypha?

A

Nonseparate hyphae

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5
Q

What do pores allow Septate hypae to exchange with other septate hypae?

A

Cytoplasm

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6
Q

What type of hyphae are imbedded in the material on which the fungus grows?

A

Rhizoids hyphae

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7
Q

What type of hyphae are not embedded in the material on which the fungus grows?

A

Aerial hyphae

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8
Q

If hypha produces spores it is called what?

A

A Sporophore

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9
Q

If a hypha asexually produces more filaments it is called what?

A

A stolon

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10
Q

A hypha that enters the cells of the living organism and draws nutrients directly from the cytoplasm of those cells is called what?

A

A Haustorium

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11
Q

All fungi are assumed (but not all are confirmed) to have some _________ mode of spore formation.

A

Sexual

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12
Q

What is the name of the specialized spore-forming structures that are involved in sexual reproduction of fungus?

A

Fruiting bodies

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13
Q

The sexual reproduction between what two organisms result in fruiting bodies?

A

Compatible Hyphae

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14
Q

One mode of asexual reproduction in fungi involves the lengthening of a what?

A

Stolon

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15
Q

After the stolen reaches a certain length,

what of the new fungus is form in the hypae?

A

Mycelium

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16
Q

In Kingdom fungi members of phylum Basidiomycota form sexual spores on what?

A

Club-like Basidia

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17
Q

In kingdom Fungi. Members of phylum Ascomycota form sexual spores in what?

A

Saclike asci

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18
Q

In kingdom Fungi. Members of phylum Zygomycota form sexual spores where?

A

where hyphae fuse

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19
Q

In kingdom Fungi. Members of phylum Chytridiomycota form spores with what feature?

A

Flagella

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20
Q

In kingdom Fungi Members of Deuteromycota do not have what?

A

No known form of sexual reproduction

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21
Q

In kingdom Fungi Members of Deuteromycota are sometimes called what.

A

imperfect fungi

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22
Q

In kingdom Fungi. Members of phylum Myxomycota are placed in what kingdom by some biologists?

A

Protista

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23
Q

Why are Members of phylum Myxomycota are placed in Kingdom Protista by other biologists?

A

because they resemble protozoa for much of their lives

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24
Q

Mushrooms make up most of the organisms in what phylum?

A

Basidiomycota

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25
In the mushroom life cycle, mycelia grow from what?
Spores
26
In the mushroom life cycle, two mycelia will do what for sexual reproduction.
Fuse
27
In a mushrooms life cycle, the resulting mycelium will grow, crowding out the what.
parent mycelia
28
In the mushroom life cycle, many hyphae will enclose themselves in a membrane, forming what stage of the mushroom.
The Button stage
29
In the mushrooms life cycle, what will eventually emerge from the membrane?
A fruiting body or stipe and cap
30
The fruiting body, in the mushroom’s life cycle, will be composed of what three basic components?
1. stipe 2. cap 3. gills
31
The spores are formed on basidia are found in the what?
Gills
32
The mycelium of a mushroom tends to grow outward in what kind of patches?
Circular
33
Because it can run out of food in the center, the fruiting bodies of the fungus can sometimes form what?
A fairy ring
34
What are part of phylum Basidiomycota and grow spores inside a membrane?
Puffball fungi
35
When disturbed, the spores of a puffball are pushed out what near the top of the membrane?
A hole
36
What in this phylum Basidiomycota grow shelflike structures on both dead and living wood.
shelf fung
37
Rust and smuts are examples of what kind fungi in phylum Basidiomycota?
Parasitic
38
A parasitic fungus tends to live most of its live cycle on one host, which is called its what?
main host
39
A Parasitic fungus tends to live most of its live cycle on one host, however must also spend a certain part of its life cycle on what?
Alternate host
40
What are single-celled members of phylum Ascomycota ?
Yeast
41
How doesYeast asexually reproduce?
By budding
42
Yeast are used in what process?
fermentation
43
Fermentation anaerobically break down sugars into smaller molecules, such as what and what?
carbon dioxide, alcohol
44
Carbon dioxide can make bread dough do?
Rise
45
In fermentation alcohol molecules can be used to make what?
Alcoholic beverages
46
Members of phylum Ascomycota that have fruiting bodies which look like sponges are called what?
Morels
47
Members of phylum Ascomycota that have fruiting bodies which look like cups are called what?
cup fungi
48
Members of phylum Ascomycota that feeds on rye grain and is deadly to people are called what?
ergot of rye or claviceps purpurea
49
Members of phylum Ascomycota include tree parasites that cause what two diseases?
dutch elm disease, chestnut blight.
50
The spores formed by fungi in phylum Zygomycota are called ___,
zygospores
51
Zygospores are composed of a hard, protective coating around a ___.
zygote
52
Bread ___ is in phylum Zygomycota.
Mold
53
Bread mold forms ___ spores in sporangiophores
Asexual
54
Fungi in what genus are in phylum Deuteromycota?
Penicillium
55
Fungi in genus Penicillim produced the first what ever discovered?
Antibiotic
56
Some bacteria have adapted to be what to infection-fighting compounds?
immune
57
Members of phylum Myxomycota are often called what?
Slime mold
58
What do slime mold resemble during the feeding stage?
Protozoa
59
During the feeding stage of slime mold what is the mass of living tissue called?
Plasmodium
60
What do slime mold resemble during the reproductive stage?
Fungi
61
There is no such thing as what kind of scientist?
Unbiased
62
What is produced in a mutualistic relationship between a fungus and an alga?
Lichen
63
The alga produces what for itself and the fungus?
Food
64
How do the alga produce food for itself and the fungus?
photosynthesis
65
What does the fungus do for the alga?
Support and protection
66
Most lichen reproduce by releasing a dust-like substance called what?
Soredium
67
Soredium contains spores of both what and what in a protective case?
Alga and fungus
68
What is a mutualistic relationship between a fungus and a plant root?
Mycorrhiza (or fungus root)
69
In the mutualistic relationship between a fungus and a plant root, the root does what for the fungus?
Gives it nutrients
70
In mutualistic relationship between a fungus and a plant root what does the fungus do for the plant?
Gives it minerals
71
Lichem is a mutualistic relationship usually contains organisms from phylum what and what?
``` Phylum Chlorophyta ( algae provides food for both by photosynthesis) Phylum Ascomycota ( Fungus, Supports and protects Alga) ```
72
When a lichem reproduces it is called a ?
Soredium- containing spores from both the alga and fungi in a protective case.
73
In a lichem relationship the fungi does what for the alga?
Supports and protects.
74
In a lichem relationship the agae does what for the fungi?
Provides food through photosynthesis.
75
What is a symbiosis between a plant root and fungus called?
Mycorrhiza ( fungus root)

Biology (24 decks)

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