Module #5 Review Questions

Question 1

What are the basic building blocks of matter?

Answer 1

Atoms

Question 2

What two things form the nucleus at the center of the atom?

Answer 2

Protons and neutrons

Question 3

What orbit the nucleus of an atom?

Answer 3

Electrons

Question 4

What determines the majority of an atom’s properties?

Answer 4

The number of electrons

Question 5

What is a collection of atoms that all have the same number of protons?

Answer 5

Element

Question 6

A carbon atom has six protons and eight neutrons. What is the complete name of this atom is what?

Answer 6

Carbon-14

Question 7

How many electrons does Carbon-14 have?

Answer 7

6

Question 8

What is the abbreviation for the element carbon?

Answer 8

C

Question 9

(H) is the abbreviation for what element?

Answer 9

Hydrogen

Question 10

What is the abbreviation for the element oxygen?

Answer 10

O

Question 11

(N) is the abbreviation for what element?

Answer 11

Nitrogen

Question 12

What is the abbreviation for the element phosphorus?

Answer 12

P

Question 13

(S) is the abbreviation for what element?

Answer 13

Sulphur

Question 14

“Sulfur-32” is the name of a specific what?

Answer 14

Atom

Question 15

“Sulfur” is the name of what?

Answer 15

An element

Question 16

What is formed when atoms link together?

Answer 16

Molecules

Question 17

A molecule of ethyl alcohol, C2H6O, has how many carbon atoms, how many hydrogen atoms, and how many oxygen atom?

Answer 17

2 carbon atoms
6 hydrogen atoms
1 oxygen atom

Question 18

What two elements are contained in both CO and CO2 ?

Answer 18

Carbon and oxygen

Question 19

CO and CO2 are different what?

Answer 19

Molecules

Question 20

When sucrose is dissolved in water, what kind of change has taken place?

Answer 20

Physical

Question 21

When sucrose reacts with water with the help of an enzyme to make glucose and fructose, what kind of change has occurred?

Answer 21

Chemical

Question 22

What kind of change is reversible?

Answer 22

Physical change

Question 23

What kind of change is not reversible?

Answer 23

Chemical

Question 24

All matter can exist in one of three phases? Name them.

Answer 24

Solid
Liquid
Gas

Question 25

Adding energy turns a solid into what?

Answer 25

Liquid

Question 26

Adding energy turns a liquid into what?

Answer 26

Gas

Question 27

Taking away energy turns a Liquid into what?

Answer 27

A solid

Question 28

Taking away energy turns a gas into what?

Answer 28

A liquid

Question 29

When salt is dissolved in water, what is the solute?

Answer 29

Salt

Question 30

When salt is dissolved in water, what is the solvent?

Answer 30

Water

Question 31

When salt is dissolved in water, what is the solution?

Answer 31

Salt water

Question 32

When a solute travels across a membrane in order to even out concentration, what has occurred?

Answer 32

Diffusion

Question 33

When a semipermeable membrane separates two solutions what happens?

Answer 33

Osmosis

Question 34

A cell sits in a solution that has a higher concentration of solutes than that found in the cell. What will happen to the water in the cell?

Answer 34

The water will travel out of the cell and into the solution.

Question 35

In the balanced chemical equation: C18H32O16 + 2H20 à 3C6H12O6 How many molecules of C18H32O16 are there?

Answer 35

One

Question 36

In the balanced chemical equation: C18H32O16 + 2H20 à 3C6H12O6 How many molecules of H20 are there?

Answer 36

Two

Question 37

In the balanced chemical equation: C18H32O16 + 2H20 à 3C6H12O6 How many molecules of C6H12O6 are there?

Answer 37

Three

Question 38

Photosynthesis requires 4 things. Name them.

Answer 38

1. Carbon dioxide 2. Water 3. Energy from light 4. Chlorophyll

Question 39

Photosynthesis produces what?

Answer 39

Glucose and oxygen

Question 40

What is the chemical equation for Photosynthesis?

Answer 40

6CO2 + 6H2O à C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 41

Is the molecule NaNO3 organic?

Answer 41

No

Question 42

Is the molecule C6H15N organic?

Answer 42

Yes

Question 43

Is the molecule C6H15N organic?

Answer 43

Yes

Question 44

Is the molecule KSCN, organic?

Answer 44

No

Question 45

What is the chemical formula for both Glucose and fructose?

Answer 45

C6H12O6

Question 46

Because Glucose and fructose have the same chemical formula they are what?

Answer 46

Isomers

Question 47

How are Glucose and fructose different from one another?

Answer 47

The Structural formulas are different

Question 48

A molecule can have more than one of what type of formula?

Answer 48

Structural

Question 49

Glucose and fructose have two kinds of structures. Name them.

Answer 49

1. Ring | 2. Chain

Question 50

A simple sugar is called a what?

Answer 50

Monosaccharide

Question 51

Two simple sugars can join to make a what?

Answer 51

Disaccharide

Question 52

If three or more simple sugars join, they form what?

Answer 52

Polysaccharide

Question 53

Through what kind of reactions are simple sugars join together?

Answer 53

Dehydration

Question 54

In what form do people and animals store excess sugars?

Answer 54

Polysaccharide

Question 55

The excess sugars that people and animals store are known as what?

Answer 55

Glycogen

Question 56

When people or animals need the stored simple sugars, they break down the polysaccharide molecule into what?

Answer 56

Monosaccharide

Question 57

What reactions allow people to break down polysaccharide molecules into monosaccharide molecules?

Answer 57

Hydrolysis

Question 58

The pH scale runs from what number to what number.

Answer 58

1-14

Question 59

On a pH scale, what is neutral?

Answer 59

7

Question 60

A pH lower than what indicates what an acidic solution?

Answer 60

7

Question 61

A pH greater than 7 indicates what kind of solution?

Answer 61

Alkaline

Question 62

What molecules are joined together to form Lipids in a dehydration reactions?

Answer 62

3 Fatty acid molecules and 1 glycerol molecule

Question 63

Why are Lipids not attracted to water?

Answer 63

They are hydrophobic

Question 64

If the fatty acid that make up the lipid have no double bonds between the carbon atoms, it is what kind of fat?

Answer 64

Saturated fat

Question 65

Saturated fat is in what state at room temperature?

Answer 65

Solid

Question 66

If there are double bonds between the carbon atoms, it is an what kind of fat and is generally what at room temperature.

Answer 66

Unsaturated fat

Question 67

Unsaturated fat is in what state at room temperature?

Answer 67

Liquid

Question 68

What are joined together to form Proteins a in dehydration reactions?

Answer 68

Amino acid

Question 69

What is the bond that forms between amino acids in a protein called?

Answer 69

Peptide bond

Question 70

What make up a special class of proteins?

Answer 70

Enzymes

Question 71

What do Enzymes serve as for many biologically-important chemical reactions?

Answer 71

A catalyst

Question 72

According to what do enzymes typically work in which an active site complements the shape of a reactant.

Answer 72

Lock and key theory of enzyme action

Question 73

Because many of the emzymes’ molecules break down soon after they are formed, they are know to be what?

Answer 73

Fragile

Question 74

DNA is a double chain of chemical units known as what that twist around one another in a double helix?

Answer 74

Nucleotides

Question 75

The units that make up the DNA chains are composed of what three basic constituents? Name them.

Answer 75

1. Deoxyribose 2. Phosphate group 3. Nucleotide base

Question 76

The double helix is held together by what?

Answer 76

Hydrogen bonds

Question 77

What does hydrogen bond link together?

Answer 77

Nucleotide base

Question 78

In DNA, what can link only to Adenine (and vice-versa)?

Answer 78

Thymine

Question 79

In DNA what can link only to Cytosine (and vice-versa)?

Answer 79

Guanine

Question 80

Identify the following as a monosaccharide, fat, or acid. H H H H O / / / / // H—C – O – C – C – C – C – OH I / / / / I H H H H I I H H H O I / / / // H ---C–O – C – C —C—C – OH I / / / / I H H H H I I H H H O I / / / // H --- C–O—C—C ---- C---C—OH / / / / / H H H H H

Answer 80

answer: fat it has three fatty acid molecules linked to a glycerol.

Question 81

Identify the following as a monosaccharide, fat, or acid. H H H O / / / // H—C—C—C – C—H // / / / O OH OH H

Answer 81

monosaccharide: It has twice as many H’s as O’s which make it a carbohydrate. It is smallsimple, molecule, and simple carbohydrates are monosaccharides.

Question 82

Identify the following as a monosaccharide, fat, or acid. ``` H H O / / // H—C—C—C—OH / / / H H H ```

Answer 82

acid: It has an acid group and does not have the configuration of a fat.