Module 5

Question 1

Bile salts are used to

Answer 1

Breakdown fats in the fatty acids and glycerol

Question 2

Major pathways of energy

Answer 2

-sugar enters glycolysis as glucose
-Glycerol produced by hydrolysis enters glycolysis
- Sugar converted to acetyl-CoA to enter citric acid cycle
-Fatty acids enter citric acid cycle converted to acetyl-CoA

Question 3

Oxidative phosphorylation produce…

Answer 3

ATP

Question 4

Final result of glycolysis

Answer 4

2 NADH
4 ADP
2 pyruvate
ATP

Question 5

One way cells can make ATP out of

Answer 5

ADP

Question 6

What is usually the activator?

Answer 6

AMP

Question 7

What is usually the inhibitor?

Answer 7

Citrate, ATP, acetyl coa

Question 8

Major fermentation pathways

Answer 8

Lactate and alcohol fermentation

Question 9

Peru turns into

Answer 9

Ethanal

Question 10

Alcohol dehydrogenase reduces ethanal to

Answer 10

NADH

Question 11

Glyconeogenesis makes

Answer 11

Makes glucose from non-carbohydrate materials
* occurs in the liver*

Question 12

Three non-reversible steps of glycolysis

Answer 12

1. pyruvate—-> phosphoenolpyruvate
2. Fructose 1,6-biphosphate—> fructose-6- phosphate
3. Glucose-6-phosphate—> glucose

Question 13

Step three of glycolysis

Answer 13

Catalyzed: phosphofructokinase
Stimulated by: high AMP, ADP, PI
Inhibited by: high ATP

Question 14

Cori cycle

Answer 14

Lactate from skeletal muscle is transferred to liver, pyruvate converted to glucose and then return to muscle

Question 15

Steps for glucogenolysis

Answer 15

1. Glycogen phosphor lace catalyzes the removal of glucose.
2. De branching enzyme, catalyzes the removal of glucose.
3. Phosphoglucomutase converts glucose to glucose six phosphate.

Question 16

What stimulates glycogenesis

Answer 16

Insulin

Question 17

The highly folded membranes of mitochondria are called

Answer 17

Cristae

Question 18

The space between the outer and inner membrane of mitochondria

Answer 18

Matrix space
-matrix space consist of enzymes

Question 19

Citric acid cycle

Answer 19

Final stage of breakdown of nutrients
-As little group is oxidized to CO2 and transferred to NAD and FAD

Question 20

Order of citric acid cycle

Answer 20

Citrate, esocitrate, ketoglutarate, succinyl coa, succinate, fumarate, malate, oxidation

Question 21

If ATP, NADH, acetyl coa are high, that means

Answer 21

ATP will be inhibited

Question 22

Products of pyruvate dehydrogenase

Answer 22

Three carboxylic acids
Three ATP
Two NADH

Question 23

Electron transport system

Answer 23

NADH provides 3 ATP molecules
ADH2 PROVIDES 2 ATP MOLECULES

Question 24

Steps to get ATP from glucose

Answer 24

Glycolysis, 2 pyruvate to 2 acetyl-coa, citric acid cycle—> ATP

Question 25

Citric acid cycle functions as

Answer 25

-catabolism: breakdown in harvest -anabolism: biosynthesis -amphibolic: both C and A

Question 26

Emulsification

Answer 26

Fat globule is broken up and coated by lecithin and by all salts

Question 27

Enzymes used in B – oxidation are located in

Answer 27

Matrix space of mitochondria

Question 28

Hi energy thio Esther bond is formed between

Answer 28

Coenzyme a and fatty acid

Question 29

Acetyl coenzyme, and carnitine turn into

Answer 29

Acylcarnitine that passes through the membrane to matrix space

Question 30

B – oxidation step two

Answer 30

Hydrogen atoms are reduced from FAD to FADH2

Question 31

B – oxidation step three

Answer 31

H2O is added to the carbon

Question 32

B – oxidation step four

Answer 32

NAD+ is reduced to an ADH that produces three ATP

Question 33

B-oxidation step five

Answer 33

Two carbon units are cleaved, releasing a signal, coenzyme a, and also enzyme thiolase

Question 34

Carbohydrate metabolism

Answer 34

Simulates glycogen synthesis, while inhibiting glycol, general lysis, and glyconeogenesis

Question 35

What happens when there’s low blood glucose levels

Answer 35

Glucogon is secreted