Module 4

Question 1

Naming monosaccharides

Answer 1

3 carbons: triose
4 carbons : tetrose
5 carbons: Pentrose
6 carbons: hexose

Question 2

Aldose

Answer 2

R-C=O- H

Question 3

Ketose

Answer 3

O
II
R-C-R

Question 4

Stereoisomers

Answer 4

Different spatial arrangement of atoms

Question 5

Entantiomers

Answer 5

Mirror image of each other

Question 6

Are D and L glyceraldehydes entantiomers

Answer 6

Yes

Question 7

5 carbon monosacch that an aldehyde what’s the name?

Answer 7

Aldopentose

Question 8

D isomer of -OH

Answer 8

On the right side

Question 9

L isomer of -OH

Answer 9

On the left side

Question 10

Optical activity

Answer 10

Interaction with polarized light
-also distinguishes isomer

Question 11

Rotate of isomers

Answer 11

One enantiomer rotates clockwise (dextrorotatory) the other rotates counter clockwise (levorotory)

Question 12

Diastereomers

Answer 12

Two or more chiral centers, and that are not an enantiomer

Question 13

Anomers

Answer 13

Alpha and beta isomers

Question 14

Alpha

Answer 14

OH at bottom

Question 15

Beta

Answer 15

OH at top

Question 16

What does galactose turn into

Answer 16

Glucose

Question 17

Benedict’s reagent

Answer 17

Red brick precipitate
- forms Cu2O

Question 18

Which is not a reducing sugar

Answer 18

Only sucrose

Question 19

Glycosidic bond

Answer 19

Anomeric OH reacting with another OH on an alcohol or sugar

Question 20

Homopolysaccarides

Answer 20

One type of monosaccharide

Question 21

Hereropolysaccharides

Answer 21

Two or more different monosaccharides

Question 22

Amylose

Answer 22

1,4 links being linear

Question 23

Amylopectin

Answer 23

1,6 links are branched

Question 24

Glycogen

Answer 24

Major glucose storage carbohydrate in animals is glycogen

Question 25

Where is glycogen stored?

Answer 25

Liver and muscle cells

Question 26

Cellulose

Answer 26

In plants

Question 27

Which is the simplest amino acid

Answer 27

Glycine

Question 28

Which of the following describes the function of the enzyme cyst trans isomerase?

Answer 28

It breaks in reforms, a double bond to change the arrangement of the groups around a double bond

Question 29

What is a nucleoside?

Answer 29

A monosaccharide and a base

Question 30

Each individual tRNA contains….

Answer 30

An anticodon of three nucleotides that is complementary to the codon in mRNA and identifies individual amino acids

Question 31

What does it mean when phosphoacylglycerol interact with water and other lipids?

Answer 31

They contain both a hydrophobic region as well as a hydrophilic region

Question 32

Which is a hydrolyzable, lipid

Answer 32

A triacylglycerol

Question 33

What is a zymogen?

Answer 33

Inactive precursor of an enzyme

Question 34

Well, best describes what happens to a protein when it’s denatured

Answer 34

Secondary tertiary and quaternary levels of structure are disrupted

Question 35

To which class of enzymes does an enzyme belong if it catalyzes the rearrangement of functional groups within a molecule?

Answer 35

Isomerases

Question 36

Which of the following is not a class of enzymes?

Answer 36

Carnases

Question 37

How many hydrogen bonds were between a G – C base pair in a DNA double helix

Answer 37

Three

Question 38

Which organ is the main site of gluconeogenesis?

Answer 38

Liver

Question 39

How many molecules of ATP are produced by oxidative phosphorylation for each molecule of NADH produced in the citric acid cycle?

Answer 39

Three

Question 40

Where in the body does the degradation of amino acids occur?

Answer 40

Liver

Question 41

What alternative name of the citric acid cycle is used in honor of the scientist who first proposed the steps of the cycle?

Answer 41

Krebs cycle

Question 42

What is an acetyl group?

Answer 42

O II Ch3–C—

Question 43

What is the source of energy for the synthesis of ATP in oxidative phosphorelation?

Answer 43

Hydrogen flowing through ATP synthase

Question 44

What type of bond in acetyl coA links the acetyl group to the rest of the molecule?

Answer 44

Thioester

Question 45

Which of the following processes is inhibited by insulin?

Answer 45

Glycogenolysis

Question 46

What compound serves as the certain material for biosynthesis of fatty acids

Answer 46

Acetyl CoA

Question 47

Which enzyme in the mitochondria is responsible for phosphorylation of ADP

Answer 47

ATP synthase

Question 48

What is the term for the region of a mitochondrion that is enclosed by the inner membrane?

Answer 48

Matrix space

Question 49

Bile salts act as which of the following

Answer 49

Amino acids

Question 50

Saturated fats have what bond

Answer 50

No double bond Like butter

Question 51

Unsaturated fats have what bond

Answer 51

Double bond Like oil (healthier)

Question 52

What do double bonds do to melting temperature

Answer 52

Lower the melting temperature

Question 53

As the melting point increases the

Answer 53

The carbon number will increase the melting point

Question 54

What fatty acid has a higher melting point

Answer 54

Saturated fats

Question 55

The higher the molar mass is, the

Answer 55

Higher the melting point is

Question 56

Essential fatty acids are

Answer 56

Obtain through food that can’t be synthesized by the body

Question 57

What is an eicosanoid precursor?

Answer 57

Arachidonic acid

Question 58

What inhibits prostaglandin synthesis

Answer 58

Aspirin Then enzyme is cyclooxygenase

Question 59

What are glycerides?

Answer 59

Lipid Esters Also for glycerol: ester with fatty acid

Question 60

Monoglycerides

Answer 60

Fatty acid chain with one alcohol group on the glycerol

Question 61

Triglycerides

Answer 61

Fatty acid chain at each alcohol group(3) of the glycerol

Question 62

Hydrogenation

Answer 62

Saturates the double bonds -Adding hydrogen

Question 63

Saponification

Answer 63

Produces fatty acid salts, and glycerol

Question 64

Glyceride hydrolysis

Answer 64

Fatty acids that are produced from esters

Question 65

What are the products of a saponification reaction?

Answer 65

Salts Na+ and alcohol -OH

Question 66

What does the term Hardwater mean?

Answer 66

Hard water is used with soaps that contain high concentrations of calcium and magnesium -form precipitate

Question 67

Phospholipids

Answer 67

A lipid (glycerol, fatty acid, phosphoric acid) containing phosphorus

Question 68

Phosphoglyceric properties

Answer 68

Contain hydrophobic (fatty acid tails) and hydrophilic domains (phosphorus)

Question 69

Steroids

Answer 69

Four fused rings

Question 70

Endocytosis

Answer 70

To eat or take in the cell