Module 4 Continued..

Question 1

Proteins form

Answer 1

Amino acids that contain amine and an acid

Question 2

Amino acids structure

Answer 2

-NH3+ group
-COO- group

Question 3

N & C terminals

Answer 3

N-terminal: NH3+
C-terminal: COO-

Question 4

Primary structure of proteins

Answer 4

Amino acid sequence of a poly peptide chain

Question 5

Secondary structure proteins

Answer 5

A coiled helix is formed or a pleaded sheet

Question 6

Tertiary structure of proteins

Answer 6

A folded three dimensional shape

Question 7

What can cystine form?

Answer 7

Disulfide bridges
S—S

Question 8

Interactions within tertiary structure

Answer 8

1. Disulfide bridge
2. Salt bridge
3. Hydrogen bond
4. hydrophobic interaction

Question 9

Quaternary structure proteins

Answer 9

Several globular peptides that are arranged to formula larger protein

-* two or more polypeptide chains and have disulfide bridges*

Question 10

How much proteins are in blood plasma?

Answer 10

60 to 80 g/L

Question 11

What does denaturization do to a protein?

Answer 11

Unfolds the protein

Question 12

Hydrolysis a proteins definition

Answer 12

Breaking down into smaller peptides or amino acids

Question 13

How does temperature affect proteins?

Answer 13

As temperature goes up, the movement of proteins increases

Question 14

How does pH affect proteins?

Answer 14

Interferes with the salt, bridges and hydrogen bonds, which can change the charge of the protein

Question 15

Transferases means

Answer 15

Transfer a group from one molecule to another

Question 16

Hydrolasis definition

Answer 16

Cleave bonds by adding water

Question 17

Lyases definition

Answer 17

Catalyze removal of groups to form double bonds

Question 18

Isomerases definition

Answer 18

Catalyze intermolecular rearrangements

Question 19

Ligases definition

Answer 19

Catalyze a reaction in which carbon bonds are made or broken

Question 20

The effect of enzymes of a reaction

Answer 20

Enzyme speed of reaction by lowering the activation, energy energy

Question 21

Definition of active site

Answer 21

The binding site

Question 22

Lock and key model of an enzyme

Answer 22

Enzyme is the lock and the substrate is the key. The active site is where they bind together.

Question 23

Coenzyme definition

Answer 23

Another enzyme that helps spine, the first enzyme in the substrate

Question 24

What is the optimum pH?

Answer 24

7.3–7.4

Question 25

What is the optimum pH?

Answer 25

7.3–7.4

Question 26

What happens when the pH is at an extreme range?

Answer 26

The enzyme will be denatured, and it will destroy the catalytic ability

Question 27

What effect does temperature have on a reaction?

Answer 27

As the temperature go was up, the reaction rate increases (But it can’t be too high because it’ll denatured enzyme)

Question 28

Feedback inhibition

Answer 28

A product late in a series of a reaction that is used as an inhibitor for the previous enzyme in the serious

Question 29

Pro enzyme

Answer 29

Inactive form of enzyme

Question 30

DNA

Answer 30

Deoxyribonucleic acid -Without oxygen

Question 31

RNA

Answer 31

Ribonucleic acid

Question 32

What does a nucleotide consist of?

Answer 32

Nitrogen, five carbon sugaring, and a phosphoryl group

Question 33

What do nucleosides consist of?

Answer 33

A nitrogen base and a sugar carbon ring -* no phosphate group****

Question 34

What type of bond does a nucleotide have?

Answer 34

A Phospho ester bond

Question 35

Adenosine in RNA

Answer 35

Attached to carbon one of ribose

Question 36

What is the backbone of DNA and RNA?

Answer 36

Phosphate

Question 37

Which structure has a double helix?

Answer 37

DNA

Question 38

How many bonds are between adenine and thymine?

Answer 38

Two hydrogen bonds

Question 39

How many bonds are between cytosine and guanine?

Answer 39

Three hydrogen bonds

Question 40

RNA structure

Answer 40

A single strand -the Uracil replaces thymine

Question 41

Bass pairing

Answer 41

DNA: - G-C -T-A RNA: -G-C -U-A

Question 42

What type of strand is our DNA molecule have

Answer 42

A parent strand turns into a daughter strand

Question 43

When nucleotides are added to the daughter strand, it’s called

Answer 43

Replication fork

Question 44

A 5’—3’ direction turns into

Answer 44

3’—5’ direction

Question 45

Central dogma definition

Answer 45

Leads DNA to RNA to protein

Question 46

Transcription

Answer 46

DNA synthesizes into RNA molecule

Question 47

Translation

Answer 47

RNA turned into a protein -uses: rRNA and proteins

Question 48

Stages of transcription

Answer 48

Initiation—> elongation—> termination

Question 49

Codon and anti-codon

Answer 49

Codon: mRNA Anticodon : tRNA

Question 50

Mutation classifications

Answer 50

-Point: substitution of a single nucleotide -deletion: one or more nucleotides are lost -Insertion: one or more nucleotides are added

Question 51

Hybridization

Answer 51

Technique used to identify presence of a gene on DNA fragment

Question 52

ATP

Answer 52

Adenosine triphosphate