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Perio > Module 5 > Flashcards

Module 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the classic symptoms of inflammation?

A

heat, redness, swelling, pain, loss of function

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2
Q

Why are we concerned about inflammation?

A

because it causes loss of attachment and tissue damage

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3
Q

What is the primary purpose of the human immune system?

A

to defend the life of the host

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4
Q

the bodys defenses are employed to preserve the tooth or supporting perio tissues T/F

A

False

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5
Q

Acute inflammation

A

2 weeks or less

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6
Q

What is an example of acute inflammation

A

popcorn kernal stuck in sulcus

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7
Q

Chronic inflammation

A

generally more than 2 weeks

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8
Q

Warning signs are present in chronic inflammation T/F

A

False they are often absent especially in chronic periodontitis

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9
Q

What is the hallmark of chronic inflammation

A

pain is absent and tissue damage

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10
Q

What is the first structure to go in inflammation?

A

gingival fibers

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11
Q

What is inflammation

A

the bodys reaction to injury or invasion by pathogens

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12
Q

Why do we have inflammation

A

to protect/defend the body and heal damaged tissue

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13
Q

What is the immune system designed for?

A

homeostasis

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14
Q

What happens when organisms such as bacteria in dental plaque invade a host

A

inflammation, immune system is increased in action

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15
Q

Is inflammation observable in the tissues

A

yest it is an observable alteration

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16
Q

How is the immune system protective?

A

typically protetive responses by the host to bacteria ect.

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17
Q

How is the immune system destructive?

A

Immune system trigger reactions that cause tissue damage

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18
Q

What causes destruction in the periodontal tissues?

A

the bodys response to bacteria causes most of the destruction

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19
Q

What are T and B lymphocytes?

A

small white blood cells

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20
Q

T cells

A

originate in the thymus, inTensify responses

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21
Q

B-cells

A

plasma cells secrete antiBodies

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22
Q

Where do T and B lymphocytes leak from and what do they contribute to?

A

they leak from the capillaries and contribute to edema

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23
Q

What is the role of T and B lymphocytes?

A

defense against microorganisms or pathogens in perio disease

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24
Q

What are examples of T cells?

A

macrophages, and B-lymphocytes

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25
What are antibodies?
Y shaped proteins, neutralize bacteria to prevent host destruction
26
What do antibodies activate?
- coat bacteria for phagocytosis | - activate complement system
27
What are antibodies also known as
immunoglobulins
28
what immunoglobulins are there
G, A, M, E, D
29
What is another name for a neutrophil?
PMN
30
What is a neutrophil?
a large white blood cell
31
What does a neutrophil do?
engulf and digest microorganisms
32
What attracts neutrophils to to bacteria?
chemotaxis
33
Is a PMN a first or second line of defense?
first
34
What do neutrophils control most of?
bacteria responsible for perio disease
35
Neutrophils are _____ responders and are _____-lived cells
rapid, short
36
What does pus contain?
many dead/dying PMNs
37
Do neutrophils participate in tissue destruction?
yes
38
What do destructive neutrophils produce?
cytokines, prostaglandins
39
What is the complement system?
proteins in the blood that facilitate phagocytosis or kill bacteria directly by pucturing membrane
40
what is the complement system activated by?
antibodies, and work with antibodies
41
Is the complement system a first or second line of defense?
second
42
What are the 3 main functions of the complement system?
- produces membrane attach complex - facilitates phagocytosis by coating bacteria (flagging) - recruits additonal phaycytic cells to infection site - housekeeping function
43
what is the most important action of the complement system?
coating bacteria for flagging so phagocytes can recognize it
44
What is a macrophage?
Large leukocyte, phagocytic
45
what shape of nucleus does a macrophage have?
kidney shaped
46
Where are macrophages found?
in tissue (known as a monocyte in the blood stream)
47
Do macrophages arrive faster or slower than neutrophils?
slower
48
________ numbers of macrophages are present in chronic infections
large
49
Macrophages are _____ lived cells
long
50
A macrophage is stimulated by______
LPS (endotoxin)
51
WHere does LPS come from?
from cell wall of gram- bacteria
52
What do macrophages secrete in tissue destruction
interleukin (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8)
53
What do macrophages stimulate in tissue distruction?
prostaglandins, MMP's
54
what do prostaglandins and MMPs result in?
bone and connective tissue destruction
55
what are Cytokines/Interleukins?
powerful inflammatory mediators, regulate behavior of immune cells
56
What are cytokines/interleukins produced or stiumlated by?
PMNs, Macrophages,B-lymphocytes, gingval fibroblasts, osteoblasts
57
How to cytokines/interleukins influcence behavior of other cells?
by transmitting information from one cell to another,=
58
IL-1 influences ________ to produce ______ and _______ to become _____
fibroblasts, collagenase and osteoblasts, osteoclasts
59
what do collegenase and osteoblasts breakd down?
tissues, specifically collagen and bone
60
Cytokine/interlukins are a powerful______ mediator
protein
61
What is the function of cytokines?
stimulate liver to produce c-reactive protein (CRP)
62
What is CRP a marker in the blood stream for?
inflamation
63
What do elevated levels of CRP increase?
inflammation in arteries and promotes blood clot formation
64
CRP causes more risk for?
diabetes, HBP, cardivascular disease
65
Cytokines have the potential to intiate tissue destruction T/F
true
66
Cytokines are unimportant in periodontits T/F
false they are important b/c of tissue destruction
67
Matrix Metalloproteinases are are a group of?
12 differen enzymes
68
Do the enzymes in MMP do?
breakdown connective tissue matrix (ex collagenase)
69
What are major sourse of MMP;s in perio disease?
PMN's and gingival fibroblasts
70
What facilitates the normal connective tissue matrix turnover?
MMP
71
What happens in infection wiht MMP's
they are overproduces thus destroying connective tissue
72
what happens when new connective tissue comes in after destruction my MMPs
the new tissue is not as good
73
what does collagenase do?
breaks down collagen
74
Anything that breaks down collagen is a ___________ because it is the the structural framework of perio tissues
problem
75
Antigens stimulate monocytes or macrophages to produce what?
IL-1
76
What does IL-1 do?
calles in more phagocytic cells
77
IL-1 is involved in tissue destruction T/F
True
78
IL-1 starts a cascase of events that stimulates what?
MMP, fibroblasts, prostaglandins, and results in gingiva and bone resorbtion
79
IL-1 is anti inflammatory? T/F
false, it is pro-inflammatory
80
What is a prostagladin?
an inflammatory mediator
81
What does prostaglandin E play a major role in?
destruction of bone
82
What other prostaglandins are there besides E?
D, F, G, H, I
83
What are prostaglandins primarily produced by?
neutrophils, macrophages, fibroblasts and other cells
84
What are functions of prostaglandin?
- triggers osteoclastic activity - promotes over production of MMPs - increases vacular permeabiliy and vasodilation
85
Prostaglandins are a major mediator of?
alveolar bone loss
86
Is destruction in inflammation always explained by bacterial action?
NO
87
What has been explored to resolve inflammation?
anti-inflammatory chemicals
88
What are derived from fatty acid in cell membranes to help bring inflammation to a halt
Lipoxins
89
what are resolved from fatty acids in the diet to help with inflammation
Resolvins
90
what seem to help in treating or preventing inflammatory conditions
Omega 3

Perio (11 decks)

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